Introduction to the Internet and the World Wide Web

1
Introduction to the Internet and the World Wide
Web

• Jill R. Sommer
• Kent State University
• Institute of Applied Linguistics

2
Birth of a New Era

• The Information Age is about extending the reach
  of individuals in ways never before dreamed
  possible.

3
Birth of a New Era

• Like the Industrial Revolution of the 1700s, the
  Information Age is drastically transforming the
  world we know. However the driving force behind
  this new era is electronic technology and the
  merging of computer power with the extending
  reach of communications networks.

4
Birth of a New Era

• The Information Age is about smaller and smarter
  machines that give us the freedom to create,
  share and personalize communications and send
  them virtually anywhere in the world.

5
Birth of a New Era

• While the Information Age is certainly about the
  sheer volume of data thats being produced and
  transmitted, its also about the innovative ways
  we obtain and use this information, the devices
  that give us access to it, and the latticework of
  systems that let us communicate information
  instantaneously to others.

6
Birth of a New Era

• It has also opened up endless possibilities to
  translators and the language industry.
• You need to stay in the loop and keep up with the
  latest trends to stay ahead of the competition!
• You need to know how to effectively use the tools
  of our profession!

7
Staying in the Loop

• Data processing tools (Word, WordPerfect)
• Microsoft Office tools (Excel, PowerPoint)
• CAT tools (Trados, SDLX, Déjà Vu, Wordfast)
• E-mail programs (Outlook, Eudora, Pegasus, Gmail,
  The Bat, Thunderbird, etc.)
• Internet (online dictionaries, information
  portals, newsgroups, listservs)

8
Kent State resources

• Instructional Services http//www.library.kent.edu
  /page/10789
• The Writing Centerhttp//dept.kent.edu/english/Wr
  itingCent/writngcenter.htm
• Computer Science Departmenthttp//www.cs.kent.edu
  /department/index.html

9
History of the Internet 1965

• Hypertext, a method of preparing text that allows
  readers to choose their own pathways through the
  material, is invented by Ted Nelson.
• The underlined word represents a hyperlink that
  lets the reader click and jump to a new page.
• It takes almost 30 years to catch on.

10
History of the Internet 1969

• The ARPANET is established by the Advanced
  Research Projects Agency (ARPA), connecting
  universities, the military and defense
  contractors.
• In 1973, ARPA launches the Internetting Project
  to explore the possibilities of linking networks

11
History of the Internet the 1970s

• 1976 UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX CoPy) is developed at
  ATT Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX one year
  later.
• 1979 USENET (the decentralized news group
  network), based on UUCP, is created by Steve
  Bellouin, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis.

12
History of the Internet the 1980s

• 1986 The NSFNET, created by the National Science
  Foundation, is born, providing a national
  network. To many people, this becomes the true
  birth of the Internet
• 1989 Quantum, formerly Q-Link online service for
  Atari and Commodore users, becomes AOL.

13
History of the Internet 1991

• Hypertext browsing software is proposed by Tim
  Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web.
• Information interconnected by hyperlinks is
  called a web. The Web is a hypertext system on a
  global scale.
• ANS, Advanced Network Systems, spins off to the
  NSFNET and becomes the first commercial ISP. Its
  mission is to foster commercial and research
  networking opportunities.

14
History of the Internet 1992

• The Internet Society (ISOC) is founded,
  incorporating the Internet Architecture Board.
• The ISOC's primary function is to foster
  international participation and cooperation in
  Internet technologies. Membership is open to all.

15
History of the Internet 1993

• The U.S. envisions an Information Superhighway,
  formerly known as the National Information
  Infrastructure (NII), to provide a system of
  interconnected networks linking every citizen to
  multiple sources of information and means of
  communication.

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History of the Internet 1993

• Mosaic, the first navigation browser to make use
  of graphics and a point-and-click interface, is
  developed by Marc Andreessen.
• Internet traffic proliferates at a 341 annual
  growth rate.

17
History of the Internet 1994

• Netscape, cofounded by Marc Andreessen and James
  Clark, dramatically increases the popularity of
  the Web by incorporating video, sound and
  animation into their browser.

18
History of the Internet 1995

• Sun Microsystems introduces Java, a programming
  language that makes animation and other
  interactive features commonplace.
• Traditional online services (Compuserve, AOL and
  Prodigy) begin to provide commercial Internet
  access.

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History of the Internet 1997

• The Internet comprises an estimated 134,000
  individual networks, and the number keeps
  growing.
• Competing browsers, including Microsoft's
  Internet Explorer, appear.

20
History of the Internet 1998

• The Web grows from 130 sites in 1993 to over 2
  million sites, and the number keeps growing.
• Not only are more people using the Web, but more
  people, as well as companies and organizations,
  are launching their own sites.