TRM 131 Study Questions for the Final' I have listed some sample questions for you to test yourselve

1
TRM 131Study Questions for the Final.I have
listed some sample questions for you to test
yourselves before the final exam. Please
understand that these questions are not going to
come up in your final, and should not replace a
comprehensive study of your notes and the
textbook. Good Luck!
2
ConcepTest Groups and Teams
You have just started your new job and are
assigned to work with 5 others on a project to
determine new cost saving strategies for the
organization. You each conduct research and turn
it in to one person, who compiles the information
and puts it in a report. Youre working in

• A group
• A team
• A clan
• A cohort
• A gang

Because you are all completing pieces of the
final project separately and there is no
collective interaction or truly collaborative
product, you are in a group and not a team.
3
ConcepTest Groups and Teams
A team is everything a group is, and more.

• True
• False
• Not sure

True. A team is a type of group---it is a group
that has a higher degree of collaborative
interaction and more shared responsibility for
the outcomes.
4
ConcepTest Groups and Teams

• Command group
• Committee
• Project group/task force
• Informal group
• Not sure

If you are asked to work in a group to solve a
motivation problem amongst supervisors, you will
be working in a(n)
Because the group is formed to solve a specific
problem, it is a problem solving project group or
a task force.
5
ConcepTest Groups and Teams

• Command group
• Manager group
• Informal group
• Clique
• Project group

A group whose members consist of a supervisor and
everyone who reports to him/her is called a(n)
A command group includes the group of people who
report to a supervisor as well as the supervisor
him/herself.
6
ConcepTest Groups and Teams

• Composition
• Size
• Task
• Motto
• Structure

There is a well-understood positive relationship
between the effort of individuals in a group and
the group
As group size increases, the probability of
social loafing increases.
7
ConcepTest Groups and Teams
Rick works on a cross-functional team where he is
the customer liaison. He is also the
manufacturing representative on the team, and
sometimes feels pulled between representing the
outside and dream products but having to be the
voice of realistic manufacturing possibilities.
Rick is experiencing

• Job complexity
• Creative pull
• Role expectations
• Differentiated status
• Role conflict

Rick is experiencing role conflict---hes not
sure which hat to wear on the team and when he
wears them both, they seem to have competing
agendas that pull him in opposite directions.
8
ConcepTest Groups and Teams
When your project group meets, someone always
brings popcorn and Kool-Aid. Before anyone can
talk, you all must have your snack! This is a
group

• Problem
• Process loss
• Norm
• Role
• Status issue

Your group has its own tradition, which is a
group norm.
9
ConcepTest Groups and Teams

• Social
• Performance
• Bonding
• Organization
• Humor

Cohesion can be good for a group if _________
norms are high.
If performance norms are high and cohesion is
high, then a group will be very productive.
However if performance norms are low and cohesion
is high, then the group will have low
productivity.
10
ConcepTest Groups and Teams

• Productivity
• Psychological
• Physical
• Creativity
• Achievement

Lisa has a high need for affiliation and likes
working in groups for ________ reasons.
Because of her high need for affiliation,
psychologically Lisa is much better off working
in groups and teams than working individually.
11
ConcepTest Groups and Teams

• Forming
• Storming (early development)
• Norming
• Performing
• Adjourning

Your group has met several times and cannot stop
arguing about how everyone is going to meet and
handle the work flow. Which stage of group
development is your group in?
Your group is clearly in the storming stage of
early development, where youre all learning
about each other and experiencing conflict about
how the group will function.
Do you think that every group must go through (or
does go through) a storming phase? Explain to a
classmate.
12
ConcepTest Groups and Teams

• Like their group mates
• Make greater bonuses
• Gain well-being and growth
• Dont work as hard
• Experience stress

In a highly effective group, individuals  
In a highly effective group, individuals gain
well-being and experience growth as a result of
their experience as a group member.
13
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation
A Company, Inc. is experiencing a change in the
typical demographics of its current employees.
This is an example of a(n) __________force for
change.

• External
• Market
• Political
• Internal
• Not Sure

Changing workforce characteristics and changing
demographics represent internal forces for
change.
14
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation
Lewins change model involves unfreezing,
refreezing, and ___________

• Cracking
• Rigidity
• Change
• Not Sure

Lewins change model includes unfreezing, change,
and refreezing. Its known as a calm waters
model.
15
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation

• Structure
• Technology
• People
• Campaigning
• Not sure

The Green Grass Company once tried to increase
employee commitment through trying campaigns to
generate pride in affiliation with the company.
This represents a change of which category?
Because it was attempting to change employee
attitudes, Green Grass was embarking on an
organizational change related to people.
16
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation

• Cultural
• Structural
• Human Resource
• Primary Needs
• Not sure

In an effort to stimulate creativity at work, one
company uses bathroom walls for information
transfer to occur across functional areas. This
is an example of using a _______________variable
to stimulate and nurture innovation.
Interunit communication is a structural
variable---and in this case, the bathroom wall is
the vehicle to accomplish that.
17
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation

• Tolerant of risk
• Tolerant of ambiguity
• Tolerant of conflict
• Tolerant of the impractical
• Not sure

If you went on a job interview and were told that
you were expected to fail and that youd be
evaluated on how many times you failed, in terms
of cultural variables that support innovation,
you could assume this company is _______________.
It is impossible to fail without taking some sort
of risk. Therefore, if a company is encouraging
people to fail, it means they are supportive of
risk taking.
18
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation
Which of the following human resource variables
might be put in place so employees do not have to
worry about failing in efforts to be creative at
work?

• Satisfaction programs
• Education
• Health and wellness programs
• High job security
• Not Sure

Policies providing high job security help
alleviate the fear of losing their job due to
failure, which allows employees to try new things
without worrying they will potentially cost them
their job.
19
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation

• Slacking off
• Abundant resources
• Work and non-work support
• Focus on ends
• Not sure

When Adrian is considering a project at work and
trying to generate new ideas, her friends help
her think through it. Her organization actually
gives her time to go and hang out with her
friends for this reason. This is an example of
Adrian is getting work and non-work support for
creativity from both her friends and her
organization.
20
ConcepTest Managing Change and Innovation
Imagine your friend comes to class and says Wow,
its a good thing we had this tight deadlineall
that stress made me really creative in my
writing. You say your friends point is
________.

• Totally true
• Not supported
• The way school is
• A case for procrastinating
• Not sure

While many think there is a relationship between
stress and creativity, it is a negative
relationship, not a positive one that has been
found in research studies. High stress from time
pressure limits creativity.
21
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior
Which of the following is not something studied
in organizational behavior?

• Absenteeism
• Turnover
• Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
• Behavioral accounting
• Not Sure

Organizational behavior generally studies
attitudes, employee productivity, satisfaction,
absenteeism, and employee behaviors. Behavioral
accounting is studied by accounting scholars.
22
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior

• Satisfaction productivity
• Productivity satisfaction
• Commitment satisfaction
• Satisfaction commitment
• Not sure

When Lucy gets all of her work done in any given
day, she feels very content. Lucy is likely
experiencing the ____________________ relationship

Because she felt better once she was productive,
Lucy is likely experiencing the productivity to
satisfaction relationship---her productivity made
her feel satisfied.
23
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior
When he flatters to his boss but doesnt truly
mean the compliment, Patrick convinces himself
that it was close enough to sincere to be okthat
he was just looking out for the best interests of
his family by being savvy and establishing
foundations for a future promotion. Patrick is
reducing ________

• Odds
• Conflict
• Cognitive dissonance
• Structural distance
• Not sure

Because there was an inconsistency between his
true feelings and his actions, Patrick is likely
experiencing cognitive dissonance and is
rationalizing his behavior in order to reduce
that dissonance.
24
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior

• Talk less
• Socialize less
• Feel more emotions
• Socialize more
• Not sure

When Julia took the MBTI, it suggested that she
was an ENTJ. Her colleague was scored as an
INFP. With respect to her colleague, Julia is
likely to _______________
Because shes an Extrovert, Julia is likely to
socialize more than her colleague, who is an
Introvert.
25
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior
Which of the following is true about the Big Five
Model with respect to the MBTI?

• Its less accurate
• Its not grounded in research
• It has more research support
• It has four dimensions
• Not Sure

The Big Five Model has more research support for
its validity than the MBTI.
Openness to experience is one of the Big Five
personality dimensions..
26
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior
Robert seems to always score poorly on tests in
school, and can frequently be heard commenting
That teacher is so unfair. Its all his/her
fault that I bombed this test---it was
impossible. After hearing these comments, you
could guess that Robert has a(n)
________________.

• High propensity for risk taking
• High level of Machiavellianism
• External locus of control
• Internal locus of control
• Not sure

Because hes blaming his teacher for his own poor
performance (thereby blaming an external factor
for his circumstances) Robert most likely has an
external locus of control.
27
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior

• Assembly line worker
• Small business owner
• Writer
• Teacher
• Accountant
• Not sure

According to Hollands typology of personality
and job fit, someone classified as a conventional
would do well as a(n) ___________________
Because a conventional person likes practical,
efficient, unimaginative situations, s/he would
do well as an accountant.
28
ConcepTest Foundations of Behavior

• Attribution
• Social learning
• Cognitive dissonance
• Emotional intelligence
• Not sure

When you start a new job, if your manager is a
role model and exhibits behaviors you can
directly observe, __________theory tells us your
own skills will grow because of this manager.
__________________
Social learning theory explains that we will
learn from observing examples. Therefore, having
a manager who can be a role model and walk the
talk is a great opportunity for your own skill
development.
29
ConcepTest Communication
Before you begin to speak your mind to your
professor, you think about how to present your
argument and say your words politely. This is
the _________ portion of communication.

• Process
• Encoding
• Receiving
• Channel
• Not sure

Encoding is the first part of the communication
process where the sender constructs the message
and decides its content.
30
ConcepTest Communication

• Lateral
• Nonverbal
• 3) Downward
• 4) Upward
• 5) Not sure

Joe has a comment to give to his boss, so he
sends him an email. This is an example of
___________ communication.
The answer is upward communication. Joe is
sending a comment or feedback upward to his boss.
31
ConcepTest Communication
Yikes! Youre talking to a group, presenting all
of the latest research on the drug youre
responsible for selling, and you see their eyes
glazing over. Youre very energetic---you know
youre not boring to listen to. Yet, you feel
as though your facts are not soaking in to your
audiences brains. You suspect they are
suffering from _______ .

• Language differences
• A bad day
• 3) Information overload
• 4) Filtering
• 5) Not sure

Information overload is one of the most common
barriers to effective communication. Our brains
can only absorb so much, and literally they get
too full to process or absorb any more
information.
32
ConcepTest Communication

• Day
• Words
• Channel
• Encoding
• Receivers

Just yesterday, Lisa had to deliver some very
sensitive and ambiguous news to her colleagues.
Rather than putting it in a memo, she decided to
deliver it face to face. Lisa chose the
appropriate _______.
Lisa chose the appropriate channel to deliver
her message. A channel is the medium through
which communication travels.
33
ConcepTest Communication
When Helen offers feedback to a teammate, she is
engaging in __________ communication.

• Lateral
• Upward
• Downward
• System
• Objective

Because the person receiving the feedback is a
peer of Helens (her teammate), the communication
is considered lateral.
34
ConcepTest Communication

• Lateral
• Upward
• Downward
• System
• Objective

Melissa is a supervisor who periodically asks her
subordinates what they like about her leadership,
what they dislike, and if they have any
suggestions for her. She is seeking __________
feedback.
Melissa is seeking upward feedback from her
subordinates.
35
ConcepTest Communication

• Selective perception
• A bad attitude
• Impaired hearing
• Encoding
• Channels

When someone hears only what they want to hear,
it may be due to  
We tend to hear only what we want to hear due to
our selective perception which filters away
things that dont seem relevant to us.
36
ConcepTest Communication

• Selective perception
• Emotion
• Nonverbal cues
• Language
• Stereotyping

Murat, who was from Turkey, said his mother had a
kist and was very sick. Lisa, who was from the
U.S., tried to find out what a kist was in
efforts to better understand her friends
situation, but had no success. Finally, a third
party suggested perhaps Murat was talking about a
cyst. What barrier to communication was
operating between Murat and Lisa?  
Since Murat and Lisa were from two different
countries and spoke two different native
languages, language interfered with their
communication.
37
ConcepTest Communication
When traveling throughout the world, Ariella, who
is from the U.S., frowns upon countries who do
not require their residents to speak English.
She is certain that English is the best language
and that the world wishes it could be like the
U.S. To her, the countries that dont speak
English are full of idiots. Ariella is very  

• conceited
• rude
• ethnocentric
• homogeneous
• attributional

While she may well be rude and conceited, Ariella
is clearly demonstrating ethnocentrism by viewing
her country and its language as superior to
others.
38
ConcepTest Motivation

• McClellands needs theory
• Equity theory
• Expectancy theory
• Two factor theory
• Maslows hierarchy of needs

Michael is in the midst of a divorce and has no
place to live---hes been sleeping on a friends
couch. Hes very unmotivated at work. Which
theory helps us understand Michaels low
motivation?
Maslows theory would suggest that Michael is
motivated only to satisfy his physiological need
for shelter, not to work!
39
ConcepTest Motivation

• High need for power
• High need for achievement
• High security needs
• High need for affiliation
• High need for control

In Maries office, there are four chairs arranged
in a circle in case of visitors. There are also
two different candy jars, which Marie always
keeps filled. Marie likely has a
People with high needs for affiliation are
motivated to fulfill that needMarie is motivated
to have people come by and visit her during the
day!
Does this remind you a lecturer you know?
40
ConcepTest Motivation

• Equity theory
• Two factor theory
• Theory of Needs
• ERG theory
• Goal setting theory

Maria cant figure out why, even though shes
been getting lots of raises, shes still not
motivated to go to work. The theory that
immediately helps us understand why her raises
arent motivating her is
Two factor theory considers money as an
extrinsic, or hygiene factor, which will only
make a worker dissatisfied and unmotivated if
its not enough. Once it is enough, no amount
more will make that worker motivated.
41
ConcepTest Motivation

• expectancy theory
• theory of needs
• equity theory
• job characteristics model
• ERG theory

Sue is sure that shes being underpaidshe works
so hard at her job and makes the same as her
friend who only works ¾ time. Sue is certainly
not motivated at work, according to
Equity theory would say that Sue perceives an
inequity when comparing her outcomes to her
inputs versus those of her friend. Therefore,
she wont be motivated.
42
ConcepTest Motivation
1. Decrease own inputs 2. Leave the
organization 3. Change their referent 4.
Increase own outcomes 5. All of the above
If a person perceives an inequity, according to
equity theory s/he will
When a person perceives an inequity, according to
equity theory that person will be motivated to
try to bring things into equity.
43
ConcepTest Motivation

• lower the target
• throw a party to enhance mood
• appeal to the achievement need
• offer a reward the employee values
• ask the employee for weekly reports

If a manager has an employee who doesnt seem
motivated by the promised reward if targets are
met, expectancy theory would suggest
Expectancy theory says that if an employee
doesnt value the reward offered, then s/he wont
be motivated to obtain it.
44
ConcepTest Motivation

• Equity theory
• Reinforcement theory
• Goal-setting theory
• ERG theory
• Two-factor theory

When rewards for desired behaviors being
exhibited are given (e.g., the citizen of the
year), which theoretical framework is being
employed?
Rewards for desired behaviors are recommended by
reinforcement theory.
Some say that extrinsic rewards wont motivate as
much as intrinsic rewards. Which theory(ies)
support(s) that thought and seemingly somewhat
counters reinforcement theory?
45
ConcepTest Leadership

• Not all traits will be effective in all
  situations.
• It was developed in mostly American work
  settings.
• It is based on men only.
• Not everyone will always use the traits they
  have.
• All of the above

The problem with trait theory is
Trait theory has all of the problems above in its
pure form. However, some theorists still lean
towards trying to identify a given set of traits
that all leaders possess.
46
ConcepTest Leadership

• Attitudes
• Behaviors
• Followers
• Traits
• Situation

Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership was
the first leadership theory to consider
The situational leadership model was the first to
consider that a leader should adjust his or her
behavior depending on followers ability and
motivation.
47
ConcepTest Leadership

• Willingness and ability
• Age and training
• Attitude and leadership
• Behaviors and attitudes
• Ability and intelligence

Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership
theory considers followers
Situational leadership considers followers
willingness and ability, calling them maturity
together.
48
ConcepTest Leadership

• Fixed
• Changeable
• Goal oriented
• Always relationship focused
• Always task focused

Houses Path-Goal theory suggests that a leaders
style is
Path-goal theory assumes and suggests that a
leaders style is changeable.
49
ConcepTest Leadership

• Mood
• Followers
• Weather
• Plans
• Not sure

According to Houses Path-goal theory, a leaders
style should be changed depending on
According to House, a leaders style should
change depending on the task and the
subordinates, or followers.
50
ConcepTest Leadership

• Charisma
• Individuals
• Intelligence
• Strategy
• Rules

Transformational leadership focuses on the
development of
Transformational leaders engage in individualized
consideration, and develop individuals through
coaching and empowerment.
51
ConcepTest Foundations of Control
Thomas works at a company with few formal rules.
He loves this job---everyone has shared values
and similar beliefs about how work should be
done. Thomass company has ________control.

• Bureaucratic
• Market
• Political
• Clan
• Not Sure

The clan control of Thomass firm is based on
shared norms and values that exist in its strong
culture. Those norms, values, and beliefs serve
as the control mechanism.
52
ConcepTest Foundations of Control

• Observation
• Gut Feelings
• Statistical Reports
• Written Reports
• Not Sure

Which of the following is not a typical source
of information for measuring performance in
organizations?
Because a gut feeling may or may not be based on
actual information, it is generally not used as a
source of information for measuring performance
in organizations.
53
ConcepTest Foundations of Control
Alene was analyzing last months sales for her
group and she noticed that in this given
geographic area, the sales seemed to swing wildly
from high to low quantities. She was concerned
about this data with respect to the typical
________________

• Range of variation
• Time of year
• Implication of skills
• Visual aid
• Not Sure

When quantities (or data in general) indicate a
big difference from the average range of
variation, it suggests cause for concern. In
general, an acceptable, or typical, amount of
variance is expected, but things beyond that
suggest closer inspection and consideration.
54
ConcepTest Foundations of Control

• Output/input, goal attainment
• Volume, well-being
• Quality, efficiency
• Volume, efficiency
• Not sure

The difference between organizational
productivity and organizational effectiveness is
that productivity is _________ while
effectiveness refers to ____________.
The difference between organizational
productivity and organizational effectiveness is
that productivity is output divided by input,
while effectiveness refers to goal attainment.
55
ConcepTest Foundations of Control
Colleges and universities are typically concerned
about where they fall in the rankings compared
to other schools. This is a measure of
_________________

• Popularity
• Programming
• Organizational Performance
• Student achievement
• Not Sure

Rankings are one method for determining
organizational performance.
56
ConcepTest Foundations of Control

• Feedback, concurrent
• Concurrent, feedforward
• Feedforward, concurrent
• Feedforward, feedback
• Not sure

Proactive control is called ____________, while
reactive control is called ________________.
Feedforward control is a proactive approach, and
feedback control is a reactive approach.
57
ConcepTest Foundations of Control

• Information
• Health
• Customer Interactions
• Financials
• Not sure

Which of the following is not something that is
generally thought of as needing formal controls
in organizations?
Traditionally, employee health does not fall in
the range of controls, although in the face of
rising health care costs, organizations are
offering more incentives for health and wellness.

58
ConcepTest Foundations of Control
Julia has just been asked to join the Board of
Directors for a major heavy equipment company.
Shes excited to learn about how things work in
this realm of ________________

• Organizational effectiveness
• Management
• Corporate governance
• Shareholder satisfaction
• Not Sure

Boards of Directors fall squarely in the middle
of corporate governance---they are the control
mechanism for insuring that the interests of the
corporate owners are protected.
The End of Study Questions