limited opportunity for steady work and income means that control over jobs is a source of wealth an - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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limited opportunity for steady work and income means that control over jobs is a source of wealth an

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... a few words ('minimal' replaces 'limited' ... Even though the words are synonyms, the citation improperly asserts that Duncan ... It simply substitutes synonyms. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: limited opportunity for steady work and income means that control over jobs is a source of wealth an


1
Correct use of quotation marks
Original quote
"limited opportunity for steady work and income
means that control over jobs is a source of
wealth and power. Jobs are a kind of currency.
Private employers give jobs to family members,
friends, and, frequently, political supporters"
According to Duncan, "limited opportunity for
steady work and income means that control over
jobs is a source of wealth and power" (111).
The examples in this presentation are taken from
the Allegheny College Writing Center home
page http//webpub.allegheny.edu/dept/writingcent
er/
2
Incorrect use of quotation marks
Original quote
"limited opportunity for steady work and income
means that control over jobs is a source of
wealth and power. Jobs are a kind of currency.
Private employers give jobs to family members,
friends, and, frequently, political supporters"
According to Duncan, "minimal opportunity for
long-term work and income means that control over
jobs is a source of wealth and power" (111). By
changing just a few words ("minimal" replaces
"limited" and "long-term" replaces "steady"), I
incorrectly told my audience what the author
said. Even though the words are synonyms, the
citation improperly asserts that Duncan wrote the
exact words I cited.
3
Example of correct paraphrase
Original quote
"limited opportunity for steady work and income
means that control over jobs is a source of
wealth and power. Jobs are a kind of currency.
Private employers give jobs to family members,
friends, and, frequently, political supporters"
Due to the scarce supply of jobs in Appalachia,
those people who can hire people have tremendous
power. Employers regularly fill their vacancies
with loved ones or political associates (Duncan
111). Neither the sentence structure nor the
words are derived from the original quotation.
4
Example of incorrect paraphrase
Original quote
"limited opportunity for steady work and income
means that control over jobs is a source of
wealth and power. Jobs are a kind of currency.
Private employers give jobs to family members,
friends, and, frequently, political supporters"
Little opportunity for a regular job and salary
means that control over jobs is a source of
economic advantage and power (Duncan 111). Even
though few of the words in the paraphrase are
found in the original quotation, the paraphrase
fails to use a different sentence structure from
the original source. It simply substitutes
synonyms. When writing a paraphrase, don't look
at the original quotation as you are writing.
Instead, use your own words and sentence
structure to convey the idea. Then compare it
with the original to ensure that it does not
accidentally use the sentence structure or many
of the words from the original source.
5
Example of incorrect paraphrase
Original quote
"limited opportunity for steady work and income
means that control over jobs is a source of
wealth and power. Jobs are a kind of currency.
Private employers give jobs to family members,
friends, and, frequently, political supporters"
Control over jobs is a source of power in a
society where there is limited opportunity for
steady work. Employers dole out jobs to family
and friends, using jobs as a kind of currency
(Duncan 111). This sentence doesn't use the
same sentence structure as the original source,
but it does use many of the exact phrases from
the source and does not put those phrases in
quotation marks. It's fine to use very common
words the original source cited (like "jobs" or
"is"), however, using an author's phrases without
quotation marks turns into plagiarism. Look
closely at the incorrect paraphrase above
"control over jobs," "power," "limited
opportunity for steady work," "kind of currency"
all can be found in the original quotation.
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