Chemical Compounds in Living Things

1
Chemical Compounds in Living Things

• Biology- Organic Chemistry

2
Objectives

• Identify the five most abundant elements in
  living things.
• Compare organic and inorganic compounds.
• Describe the properties that make carbon unique.

3
Structure of the Atom

• Proton p
• Electron e-
• Neutron n0
• (Nucleus- p and n0)

4
Chemical Compounds in Living Things

• The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
  and phosphorus (HONCP) make up practically all
  the chemical compounds in living things.
• CHOPKINS CaFe has Mg NaCl (salt)
• Two groups of compounds
• organic (contain carbon) biotic
• inorganic (everything else) abiotic

5
Water

• Human Body
• Mostly water (2/3-3/4)
• H2O
• Why Water carries nutrients, oxygen,carbon
  dioxide,waste through body in solution.

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Carbon

• Organic
• living
• Use Covalent bond with other carbons to form
  many types of structures.

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Carbohydrates

• Examples
• Sugars
• Starch
• Glycogen
• Cellulose
• Composed of
• CHO
• 121 ratio
• Use for energy

8
Lipids

• Examples
• Fat
• Wax
• Oil
• Composed of
• CHO-but less O than carbohydrates
• Use Insulation (warmth), energy storage, makes
  up cell membrane.

9
Proteins

• Examples
• Meat
• Dairy (milk, cheese, eggs, nuts)
• Composed of
• CHON
• Use muscle contraction, transport oxygen,
  provides immunity, carry out chemical reactions
  (enzymes and hormones).

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Nucleic Acids

• Examples
• DNA
• RNA
• Composed of
• HONCPhosphorus
• DNA use carry out genetic code
• RNA use instruct the cell to make proteins.