TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS

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NDMO Case
Study HAWAII, USAEMERGENCY
RESPONSE AND TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS
IOC Expert Missions May-August, 2005
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Hawaii Hazard and Risk Analysis
Low Risk
High Risk
Hazards
0
2
4
6
8
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Hurricane Flash Flood Tsunami Earthquake Volcano S
ubsidence/Landslide Urban Fire Power Failure Wild
Fire HAZMAT(trans oil spill) Drought Aircraft
Incident HAZMAT(fixed) Tornado Dam
Failure Radiologic(incl Marine) Civil
Disorder Sharks
Risk Ranking includes likelihood and effect on
population and property
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Major Natural Disaster Fatalities in Hawaii
during the 20th Century

• 13 Pacific-wide tsunamis hit the Hawaiian
  Islands.
• The three most destructive tsunamis caused a
  combined total of 222 deaths and hundreds of
  injuries
• April 1, 1946 (Aleutian Islands)
• May 23, 1960 (Chile)
• November 29, 1975 (Kalapana)

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Maximum Run-ups in Hawaii from 13 Pacific-wide
Tsunamis
RUNUP Coastal wave heights above mean sea
level, as measured by debris on shore.
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Hilo, April 1946
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Hilo, May 1960
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Hawaii Civil Defense System
MISSION

• Minimize loss of life and property
• Provide for welfare safety of citizens
• Restore vital services
• Provide for continuity of government
• Manage resources for recovery

AUTHORITIES

• Federal, State laws
• Governors Directive to lead Emergency Response

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Preparedness
Pre-Event
Mitigation
Plans Information Training Education Resources
Insurance Coverage Regulations Codes Legislation
Comprehensive Emergency Management
Response
Recovery
Funding Loans Grants Assistance Insurance
Alert Notification Law Enforcement Fire/Rescue Med
ical Utilities
Post-Event
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Hawaii Civil Defense System
Federal Agencies State Agencies County
Agencies Private Supporting Agencies
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INTERNATIONAL TSUNAMI HAZARD MITIGATION
WARNING CENTER OPERATORS Pacific, Indian Ocean,
Caribbean, Mediterranean Tsunami Warning
Centers
GLOBAL REGIONAL NATIONAL
TSUNAMI SCIENTISTS University and Govt
Researchers
EMERGENCY MANAGERS Civil Defense Local
Authorities
Comprehensive Tsunami Risk Reduction
Stakeholders build Tsunami Resilient Community

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SENSE-ing a Tsunami

• TOUCH
• Strong local earthquakes may cause tsunamis.
• FEEL the ground shaking severely? Evacuate
  low-lying coastal areas and move inland to higher
  ground!
• SIGHT
• As a tsunami approaches shorelines, water may
  recede from the coast, exposing the ocean floor
  and reefs.
• SEE an unusual disappearance of water? Evacuate
  low-lying coastal areas and move inland to higher
  ground!
• SOUND
• The abnormal ocean activity, a wall of water, and
  approaching tsunami waves create a loud roaring
  sound similar to that of a train or jet aircraft.
  
• HEAR the roar? Evacuate low-lying coastal areas
  and move inland to higher ground!

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Emergency Communications
Sirens
Emergency Alert
System Radios Telephones/Hotlines Wire Data
Systems Satellite
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Statewide Siren Warning System (multi-hazard)
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Statewide Siren Warning System

• 356 total sirens Statewide
• Kauai 47
• Oahu 176
• Maui 66
• Big Island 67
• All sirens are radio controlled.
• New sirens are solar powered.

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How it Works(Emergency Alert System, EAS)
BROADCASTERS
Audio Crawlers
Audio
Activated by National Weather Service
State Civil Defense County Civil
Defense
EAS Audio Alarm
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Emergency Alert System (EAS) SCD EOC (located in
Diamond Head crater) initiates public message,
which transmits immediately by dedicated
microwave link to designated, pre-arranged radio
stations on neighbor islands for broadcast TV
broadcasts (crawlers) originate from Honolulu
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Emergency Communications
- Systems tested weekly
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Emergency Management Data Systems
STATE EOC Six Servers (Including Backup) SUN
Sparc Stations (email web site) Micron NT
Servers (Office automation)
FIBER OPTIC CONNECTIVITY Maui PDC Statewide Nation
wide
STATE DIGITAL MICROWAVE wide area
network PCs-Oahu,Kauai, Maui,Hawaii EOCs
LOCAL AREA NETWORK Workstations,
Printers, Scanners, CD Rom Tower
SATELLITE BACKUP, WIRELESS LINKS Connecting
County EOCs
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Interisland Data System
Electronic Bridge
State Civil Defense National Weather
Service Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
County Civil Defense Agencies - Kauai, Maui,
Hawaii
Oahu Civil Defense Agency
EOC State Warning Pt (police)
EOC County Warning Pts (police) National Weather
Service
System includes NWS satellite data weatherfax
Network tested daily
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DISTANT THREAT Aleutian Generated Tsunami 4
Hours and 20 Min Travel Time First Impact Port
Allen, Kauai (northwest island)
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DISTANT THREAT Chilean Generated Tsunami
13 Hours and 36 Min
Travel Time First impact Hilo,
Hawaii (southeast island)
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Distant TsunamiWarning Evacuation

• PTWC issues Tsunami Watch and Warning Bulletins
  to the State of Hawaii for distant earthquakes
  magnitude 7.9 or greater.
• Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) activate and
  alert emergency response agencies.
• EOC coordinate siren sounding statewide at least
  3 hours before 1st wave arrival in conjunction
  with radio and television Emergency Alert System
  (EAS) broadcasts.
• EOC coordinate school closures and release of
  government workforce within tsunami evacuation
  zones.
• EOC prepare for disaster response operations.

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Tsunami Evacuation Mapslocated in the front of
Telephone White Pages
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Oahu Bus Routes Roadblocks

• City buses along the shoreline will alter their
  routes and shuttle people to the nearest inland
  shelter.
• Police will establish roadblocks 45 minutes prior
  to first wave arrival.
• All emergency response personnel will cease
  operations and move inland to safety 30 minutes
  prior to first wave arrival.
• Special concern in Hawaii is education of surfers
  tsunamis are not surfing waves!

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Local Tsunami Threat30 minutes to Waikiki, Oahu
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Local Tsunami Warning Evacuation

• PTWC issues an urgent tsunami warning for local
  earthquakes magnitude 6.9 or greater.
• County Warning Points sound sirens in designated
  Counties (e.g. Hawaii and Maui Counties).
• National Weather Service broadcasts warning and
  evacuation through the EAS.
• EOC activate and prepare for disaster response
  operations.

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Public Safety NotificationALL CLEAR

• PTWC will cancel the tsunami warning when
  destructive waves have ceased.
• Search Rescue operations commence.
• County Civil Defense agencies announce All
  Clear over radio and television. No sirens will
  sound.
• Public may return to coastlines after All Clear
  is announced.

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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Conducting
ExercisesHAWAII DISTANT TSUNAMI EXERCISE
April 1, 2005
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PURPOSE

• The statewide distant tsunami exercise will focus
  on Hawaiis ability to respond to a distant
  tsunami from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
• The exercise provides an opportunity for
  participants to review their distant tsunami
  response procedures and to promote emergency
  preparedness.
• The exercise is planned by SCD with PTWC, who
  plays by issuing prescripted voice messages on
  the HAWAS and sending other electronic and hard
  copy messages.

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EXERCISE OBJECTIVES

• Validate
• Warning and Communications Procedures for a
  distant generated tsunami.
• Organizational Emergency Procedures.
• Review
• Organization Procedures for Evacuation
• Inland Evacuations
• Vertical Evacuations
• Public Transportation
• Kick off April Tsunami Awareness Month Public
  Awareness Campaign.

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PARTICIPANTS all stakeholders

• COUNTY OCDA , MCDA, KCDA, HCDA CWPs
• STATE SCD, HING, DOE, DHRD, DBEDT,
• SLEC, DOT
• FEDERAL PTWC, NWS, ITIC, USCG, JTF-HD,
  FEMA, Fed Exec Board
• OTHER ARC, HTA, HHSA, HSVOAD, PDC, CAP,
• HEI, Pacific Tsunami Museum,
  RACES,
• Private Industry

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EXERCISE SCENARIO

• 1015 a.m. An earthquake greater than 8.0
  magnitude occurs in the vicinity of the Alaska
  Aleutian Islands.
• 1025 a.m. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC)
  issues a Tsunami Watch Bulletin for the
  State of Hawaii. First wave arrival to Hawaii
  is 4 hrs 30 mins after earthquake origin time.
• 1145 a.m. Hawaii placed in a Tsunami Warning (3
  hours before first wave arrival at 245
  p.m.) Statewide siren sounding (monthly
  Siren System test).
• 245 p.m. First wave arrival.
• 330 p.m. End of Exercise.

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Exercise Planning Dates

• Feb 23 Exercise Mtg (830 a.m.) at
  Radisson Prince Kuhio Hotel
• Mar 29 Media Press Conference
• Apr 1 Siren Sounding
• Statewide Tsunami Exercise
• For more info,
• contact Hawaii State Civil Defense

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POLICY AND PLANNINGDesign Guidance
http//www.tsunamiwave.info/library/pubs/preparedn
ess/preparedness.html
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• EXAMPLE, HAWAII
• STAKEHOLDER COORDINATION MECHANISM
• IMPLEMENTATION, POLICY, EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
  PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND MEDIA, OUTREACH, EDUCATION

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HAWAII TSUNAMI TECHNICALREVIEW COMMITTEE (TTRC)

• Reduce risk of tsunamis to State of Hawaii
  Founded 1998, meets 2x/year
  Funded by State NOAA (NTHMP)
• Scientists, engineers, planners, Emergency
  managers, public affairs personnel
• NOAA, FEMA, USACE, USCG,
  DOD, FEB, Univ. Hawaii,
  Pacific Disaster
  Center,
  Red Cross, Pacific Tsunami
  Museum, State Local
  Agencies
  (DOE, DBEDT, DOT,
  DLNR, CZM, Warning Points,
  Civil Defense,
  
  Tsunami advisors)
  

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HAWAII TTRC

• Activities
• Hazard ID, Risk Assessment, Warning Guidance
  Awareness and
  Mitigation
• Recent TTRC Agenda Topics
• PTWC Operations Report
• Runup and Inundation Modelling Evacuation
  Maps
• Tsunami Observer Program, Post-Tsunami
  Survey Plan
• Multi-Level Regional Warning and Coastal
  Evacuation
• Statewide Exercise - Local Tsunami
• Public Affairs Working Group Activities
  (Awareness Month)
• Event Response, Expert Contact List,
  Press Pool, Web
• Social Science Perspectives on Tsunami
  Warnings
• Maritime operations during tsunami events
• Ocean Currents in Harbors, Shipping ports,
  boating safety
• Civil Air Patrol Capabilities
• Working Groups Emergency Mgmt, Scientific
  , Public Affairs

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Public Affairs Working GroupHawaii TTRC NOAA,
SCD, CC Honolulu Public Affairs OfficersITIC,
Pacific Tsunami Museum, Tsunami Survivor
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1986, 1994 Tsunami WarningsMedia Reports

• Pacific -wide Tsunami Warnings Issued
  Sirens sounded, Statewide evacuations
  Small, non-destructive tsunamis
• 1986 - mid-afternoon to pm rush hour
  1994 - early morning to am rush hour
• Losses
  1994 (DBEDT Study) gt 50M
  1986 (extrapolated) gt 30M
  2003 (extrapolated) gt 68M
• Media reports shape public opinion

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Hawaii Tsunami Awareness Month(Organized by
Hawaii TTRC PAWG)

• TAM Proclamations by Governor
• Recognition of Tsunami Survivors by Governor,
  State Legislature
• Statewide
  Tsunami
  Exercise,
  April 1st

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Hawaii Tsunami Awareness MonthActivities
Targeting Specific Groups

• Schools
• Evacuation Drills
• Science and Preparedness education (safety
  materials, Kid Science educational videos)
• Tourists
• Safety ads - Waikiki Beach Press free newspaper
• Workshop for Hotel Association, Labor Union and
  Hotel Security Reps
• Minorities
• Safety ads - minority publications

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Hawaii Tsunami Awareness MonthDistribution of
Calendar of Events

• Briefings of Legislature
• Media Workshop (tsunamis, warning procedures)
• Public Events/Displays - tsunami awareness
• Talks at Public Libraries
• Hawaii Public Television Kid Science Show (3
  programs on tsunamis/1 hour each)
• Appearances on Radio Talk Shows
• Special Displays/Tours at Pacific Tsunami Museum
• Public Service Announcements (text not video)
• Public Open House at PTWC (Fri/Sat in April)

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Any Questions?
Prepared by Brian S. Yanagi Hawaii State Civil
Defense ,Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcano Programs,
byanagi_at_scd.hawaii.gov For further information,
contact Laura Kong Director, International
Tsunam Information Centre l.kong_at_unesco.org,
itic.tsunami_at_noaa.gov
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(No Transcript)
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Waialua, Oahu March 1957
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Hilo, April 1946
Hatada Bakery on top a Boxcar
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Hilo, May 1960
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EXAMPLE Hawaii TsunamiAwareness Month 2004
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Tsunami Awareness Month 2004 Upcoming Events

• March 28 Annual Shinmachi Reunion Potluck,
  Wailoa State Park, Big Island
• March 29 Workshop for Hotel Security Assn.,
  Media, Tsunami! Mother Natures Weapon of Mass
  Destruction, Neal Blaisdell Center, 2 sessions
• March 30/April 1 Public Access TV, Channel 52,
  Special on Tsunami Awareness, Donna Saiki,
  Director Pacific Tsunami Museum, Hilo

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Tsunami Awareness Month 2004

• April 1 Statewide
  
• Urgent Local
• Tsunami
  
• Exercise
  
  1115 a.m. 1215 p.m.
• April 2 Memorial Program for Laupahoehoe School
  and Community, Big Island, Memories Behind Us,
  Friends Beside Us Dreams Before Us
• April 3, 17 Shinmachi Saturday at the Pacific
  Tsunami Museum, Hilo, Free admission to anyone
  who can trace their family to a Shinmachi history

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Tsunami Awareness Month 2004

• April 4 Tsunami Information Booth at E Malama I
  Ke Kai Ocean Awareness Festival, Bishop Museum,
  Honolulu
• April 10 Fundraiser Dinner for
  Pacific Tsunami Museum,
  Waikiki Yacht
  Club, Honolulu
• April 22 16th Annual Earth Day Fair
  and Environmental Education
  Forum, Hilo
• May 23 2nd Annual Tsunami Story Festival to
  commemorate 1960 Chilean tsunami, sponsored by
  Pacific Tsunami Museum, Sangha Hall, Hilo.

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Hawaii Tsunami Awareness MonthNew Tools Developed

• Tsunami Webpage for Media (www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/m
  edia)
• Publications
• Educational video
• Educational giveaways
• (bookmarks, magnets,
• luggage tags, highlighters)
• Public Service Announcements (text not video)
• Educational Curriculum (in the works)

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Messages Promoted by PAWGTsunami Safety
Preparedness

• 1. If you are near the coast feel the earth
  shake so hard you cannot stand up, move
  immediately inland and to higher ground. Ground
  shaking means that an earthquake has occurred and
  a tsunami may follow.
• 2. Know in advance whether or not you live in an
  evacuation area. Evacuation maps and shelter
  locations are found in the front of the Hawaii
  telephone book white pages.
• 3. Develop a family emergency plan and decide
  where you will meet if separated, how you will
  stay in contact, where you will seek shelter, and
  what you will take if you must evacuate.
• 4. Be prepared with food, water, and supplies to
  last for 3 days or until the all clear is
  announced.

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OTHER TSUNAMI EFFORTS

• State, County Tsunami Advisors (TA)
• Science liaison to Emergency Managers during
  alarms
• On-call 24x7 with pagers
• Tsunami Alert System - PDC, SCD, ITIC
• PTWC-triggered alert for
• Emergency Managers,
• Tsunami Advisors
• Auto tsunami info paging,
• web archiving/display,
• travel time calculation

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TSUNAMI ALERT and NOTIFICATION
20 Latest Msgs posted to PDC Website
In Hawaii, from NWS, PTWC, JTWC
TTT/TWATCH auto-triggered. Tsunami Travel Time
map auto-posted to PDC Website, emailed to
subscribers
Tsunami Bulletins from PTWC ATWC
Message Preprocessor
Triggered by Tsunami Bulletins to generate
earthquake map and tsunami travel time contour
map.
Extracts data from message
Automated paging to selected pagers
Automatic parsing of bulletins to transmit
selected textual information to pagers /
text-capable cell phones. Paging criteria
Hawaii earthquakes 5.5, Alaska 7.0, Distant 
7.5
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A Real Tsunami Event - what happens

• 1. Media receive the bulletins at same time rest
  of us do.
• 2. Media will call anyone and everyone for
  statements not only for updates but to fill time.
• 3. They especially want to know definitions of a
  watch and a warning. They may want
  soundbites.
• 4. In Hawaii, most of the tsunami experts are
  either state or county advisors, meaning they
  are on duty at EOC and not available to respond
  to media calls.
• 5. PTWC telephone lines all busy. Recording is
  not automatically updated and often has old
  information. Watchstanders not available to
  respond to media calls.
• 6. Public Affairs Officers, ITIC librarian, and
  WCM become main spokespersons - Busy answering
  phone calls, not only from local media, but
  from national and international media.
• 7. Media webpage needs to be another source of
  ref info.

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Lessons Learned 25 Sept 2003, Hokkaido

• 1. Need to anticipate questions develop talking
  points scripts for commonly asked questions
• 2. Need robust hotline out of PTWC so they can
  provide updates to PRH, HFO, others (phone,
  pagers)
• 3. Need way to update the phone recordings (PTWC,
  ITIC, PRH) automatically or in real time
• 4. Need to be prepared to answer questions about
  both PTWC and WC/ATWC operations as well as
  impacts along the west coast AND Hawaii/Pacific
  region
• 5. Need to better manage media, consider creating
  a press pool (at the EOC, television station, HFO)

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OTHER TSUNAMI EFFORTS

• Post-Tsunami Scientific Survey Plan
• Immediate local response to collect
  perishable data
• Post-Disaster Technical Clearinghouse -
• SCD TTRC/HSEAC, PDC, ITIC
• Multi-Hazard, incl terrorism
• Facilitate gathering, immediate
  post-event data sharing
• Electronic data archiving and
• access to secure server

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MAJOR DISASTER Coordination Process
FEMA National
Governor Director Civil Defense Command Group
State Departments and Agencies (19)
Federal Response Plan 12 Emergency Support
Functions
Red Cross FEMA SBA National Guard USARPAC Liaison
Coast Guard Liaison Corps of Engineers Civil Air
Patrol Liaison VOAD Liaison Salvation Army
FEMA DFO Fed Coordinating Officer State Liaison
Officer
State EOC State Coordinating Officer
County EOC Deputy Director
Field Response Elements