Cover page

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Cover page
User Requirements for HERO
(Hyperspectral Environmental and Resource
Observer)
Karl Staenz Canada Centre for Remote
Sensing Natural Resources Canada
January 24, 2005
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User Requirements for HERO
Content

• Objectives
• Mission Parameters
• Application Areas
• Generation of Requirements
• Applications Requirements
• Final set of requirements

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Objectives

• Purpose

• User and Science Team tasked to come up with a
  set of requirements for a
• Canadian hyperspectral mission

• Main Objectives

• Meet user needs
• Focus on Canadian requirements
• Deliver reports

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Mission

• Payload
• - VNIR/SWIR instrument
• - On-board calibration
• - On-board data compression
• - Ground motion control

• Platform
• - small satellite bus
• - agile spacecraft

• Ground Segment

• Applications Development Program

• Operational Mission

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HERO Mission Context
mission requirements
mission requirements
information requirements
infornmation requirements
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Priorities Application Areas
Canadian Government Priorities

• Sustainable Development of Natural Resources
• Climate Change
• A Clean Environment
• Strong and Safe Communities
• Development of the North
• Innovation
• Connecting Canadians

• Natural Resources Canada Geoscience, Forestry
• Environment Canada Environment
• Department of Fisheries and Ocean Coastal and
  Inland Waters
• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture
• Department of National Defense Military
  Applications

Department Applications Area
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Application Areas

• Geology
• Forestry
• Marine, Coastal Zone and Inland Waters
• Agriculture
• Environment
• Urban
• Snow and Ice
• Atmosphere
• Military Applications
• (Synergy between Hyperspectral and Radar)

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Generation of Requirements
9 Applications Areas
Synergy between hyperspectral and Radar
Set of requirements for each product or product
group within an application
One set of requirements for a specific application
Final Set of Requirements for HERO mission
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Approx. 50 products
Product Requirements

• Data required
• Ability (Methodology/Algorithms required)
• Accuracy required
• Maturity (Development required to bring product
  to maturity)
• Value (constraints to operational users)
• Market impact
• HERO Requirements

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PRODUCTS (Examples)

• Agriculture

• Leaf chlorophyll content
• Leaf Area Index
• Biomass
• Leaf water content
• Percent green vegetation cover
• Weed map
• Amount/percent of crop residue cover
• Yield
• Soil moisture
• Soil nutrients
• Crop damage map
• Disease map
• Leaf senescing pigments

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User Study Completed
User and science team led by CCRS (K. Staenz)
comprising

• Geology (B. Rivard)
• Agriculture (J.R. Miller)
• Military (J. Lévesque)
• Urban (E. Cloutis)
• Atmosphere (N. ONeill)

• Snow and Ice (H. Granberg)
• Forestry (D. Goodenough)
• Coastal and Inland Waters (J. Gower)
• Environment (P. Howarth)
• Synergy - Hyper Radar (H. Zwick)

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Geology Applications

• Mining and mineral processing industries
  contributed 41.1 billion (4.1 of GDP) and
  389,000 jobs to the Canadian economy in 2003.

• Applications
• - Mineral and lithological mapping
• - Geobotanical mapping

• User Requirements
• - spectral resolution of lt10 nm in VNIR
• spectral calibration accuracy of lt 0.2 nm
• Peak SNR of 4001 in SWIR 2 (30 reflectance,
• 30º sun zenith angle)

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Geology Example

• The purpose of this image is to demonstrate the
  geologic mapping capability of hyperspectral data
  in the Canadian Arctic. The geology as mapped by
  the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) using
  traditional methods draped over the image (line
  data). The detail window clearly illustrates
  much greater detail on structure several
  sub-features are evident that do not appear on
  the regional geology map. This image demonstrates
  the true power of hyperspectral data in the
  north. Hyperspectral mapping provides an
  accurate map, thus reducing time and cost to
  produce a far superior product (Courtesy of
  Noranda).

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Forestry Applications
Canada has 10 of the worlds forests, covering
45 of Canadas land area (417.6 million
hectares). 70 billion industry in Canada.

• Applications
• Forest Inventory
• Forest Health (chemistry)
• Kyoto Products
• User Requirements
• 1 to 20 m spatial resolution
• ? 60 km swath width
• 0.1 nm spectral calibration accuracy

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Forest Inventory Example
Classification of (hyperspectral) Hyperion data
over the Greater Victoria Watershed, Vancouver
Island. An assessment of classification
accuracies revealed that the Hyperion data had
the highest accuracy (92), ALI data (84.8) and
ETM (75). (Courtesy of D. Goodenough, PFC)
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Marine, Coastal and Inland Waters
Canada is the steward of 9 of the worlds
renewable fresh water supply and has the longest
ocean coastline and the second largest
continental shelf

• Applications
• Impacts of land use and river runoff
• Eutrophication / harmful algae
• Global change and regional biogeochemical cycles
• Fisheries applications
• Coastal land-related applications
• Coastal zone change detection
• User Requirements
• spectral coverage from 370 nm
• 1 to 3 day observation frequency during critical
  periods
• Peak SNR of gtgt 1001 (5 reflectance, 30 solar
  zenith)

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Eutrophication Example
Phytoplankton chlorophyll can be quantified based
on its green colour Sensors with spectral bands
in the green and blue wavelengths can be used to
create maps of phytoplankton chlorophyll Mapping
of nearshore chlorophyll concentrations
necessitates spaceborne hyperspectral data which
is more suited to map nearshore concentrations.
(Courtesy of Borstad Associates)
casi data, Bay of Quinte, Ontario, September 1992
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Agriculture
Canada had 89.9 million acres of cropland in
2001, generating about 95 billion in domestic
sales, and 23.2 billion in exports.

• Applications
• Crop stress mitigation and site specific
  management
• Yield prediction
• Soil quality
• Agro-environmental health
• User Requirements
• lt 10 nm spectral resolution in the red-edge
  region
• 5 nm spectral sampling interval in the VNIR
• weekly observation frequency

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Agriculture Example
Hyperspectral Probe-1 airborne data used to map
crop stress parameters over bean fields in an
agricultural region of southern Ontario.
Crop Cover
Root Disease
Water Content
Chlorophyll Content
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Environmental Applications
Large economical and social impact. For example,
27,000 abandoned/orphaned mines in Canada with
liability costs in the billions of dollars.

• Applications
• Wetlands
• Mine waste management / reclamation
• Land degradation and soil mapping
• Climate change
• User Requirements
• Peak SNR gt 8001 in VNIR
• 5 to 20 nm spatial resolution
• ? 50 km swath width (land cover)

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Mine Waste Reclamation Example
Vegetation Fraction
Monitoring of mine site reclamation at the Copper
Cliff tailings impoundment near Sudbury, Ontario
using hyperspectral casi and Probe-1 data.
1996 1998 1999
Fraction
0 1
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Summary of User Needs (1)
1 For 30 reflectance target at 30 º solar
zenith angle
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Summary User Needs (2)
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Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
 
HERO Mission Requirements
HYSRS-42-44.       Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
Comment SWIR 2 SNR has priority over the SWIR 1
SNR, should there be a conflict in achieving
both.
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Canadian Government Priorities

• Climate change
• Sustainable development of resources
• A clean environment
• Strong and safe communities
• Security
• Development of the North
• Innovation
• Connecting Canadians

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Hyperspectral Mission Context
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Project Team Members
Hollinger, A. (Chief scientist/Payload technical
lead) Staenz, K. (Applications Development
Lead) Gamache, M. (Project Management)

• Beck, J. (Mission Technical Lead)
• Bergeron, M. (Remote Sensing Applications)
• Buckingham, R. (Design Consultant)
• Cunningham, I. (Software Specialist)
• Kroupnik, G. (Mission operation engineer)

• Maszkiewicz, M. (Detectors and Optics)
• Oswald, P. (Design Consultant)
• Plante, R. (Cost and schedule)
• Qian, S.-E. (Compression and Data Processing)
• Neville, R. (Instrumentation, Calibration)
• Lalonde, M. (Data Handling System)

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Mission Statement
The Hyperspectral Environment and Resource
Observer (HERO) will be a Canadian optical Earth
Observation mission that will address the
stewardship of natural resources for sustainable
development within Canada and globally. Through
mapping and regular monitoring of the Earth's
surface, HERO will acquire and deliver
high-quality hyperspectral data that will support
decision-making in the management of sensitive
ecosystems and valuable natural resources.
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