Emerging Technologies Panel

1
Emerging Technologies Panel

• Stephen Bauer, Ph.D.
• RERC on Technology Transfer

RESNA Conference Phoenix AZ June 15-19, 2007
2
Acknowledgement
This is a publication of the Rehabilitation
Engineering Research Center on Technology
Transfer, which is funded by the National
Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation
Research of the Department of Education under
grant number H133E9800025. The opinions
contained in this publication are those of the
grantee and do not necessarily reflect those of
the Department of Education.
Bob Yeager NSF for sponsoring this panel!
3
Overview

• Assistive Technology
• Federal Legislation
• Federal Agencies Programs
• SBIR STTR
• Summary

4
SBIR Award Types

• Technology-Related Assistance For Individuals
  With Disabilities Act Section 3. Definitions. (2)
• The term assistive technology device means
  any item, piece of equipment, or product
  system, acquired commercially off the shelf,
  modified, or customized, used to increase,
  maintain, or improve functional capabilities of
  individuals with disabilities.
• World Health Organization
• International Classification of Functioning,
  Disability and Health (ICF)
• Technical Aids for Persons with Disabilities
  Classification and Terminology (ISO 9999)

5
ICF-Based Taxonomy of Assistive Technology
ICF Component Integration Customization Role(s) Context(s)
Body Structure Function Intrinsic Custom Pervasive Pervasive
Activities Extrinsic Configured Pervasive Pervasive
Participation Environmental Group Situational Situational
Contextual Societal Cross-Group (Universal) Facilitator Facilitator
6
Body Function Structure

• Intrinsic
• Custom
• Pervasive (across) Roles
• Pervasive (across) Contexts

http//missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/pacemaker_module/im
ages/pacemaker_heart.jpg
http//www.thehipclinic.co.uk

http//www.spineandjoints.org/DDD-lumbar.htm
http//www.childrensspecialists.com/images/medical
info/cochlearimplant.jpg
7
World's first brain prosthesis revealed
http//www2.ncsu.edu/ncsu/univ_relations/news_serv
ices/retina.jpg
Nerve Stem Cells, Nerve Growth Factors, Hydrogels
http//www.wireheading.com/misc/brain-prosthesis.h
tml
Nanotube Polymer Scaffolds (Implants)
8
Activities
http//www.wavecrestlabs.com/technology/tech_fpo_4
.jpg
9
http//www.lensandframes.com/clens_lf.html
http//www.humanware.ca/web/en/Trekker3.asp
10
http//www.hearing-siemens.com/en/04-products/10-a
curis/acuris.jsp
http//www.easytalkcomputers.com/notetakers.htm
11
Participation
12
(No Transcript)
13
Contextual
14
History

• Disability Rights, Independent Living Movement
• Societal Paradigm Shift
• Legislation, Rules, Guidelines, Legal Challenges
• Professions, Markets, Research, Technologies,
  Industries

15
E.g. Legislation

• Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act as Amended
  (1998)
• Electronic and Information Technology
• Developed, Procured, Maintained, or Used
• Accessible to Federal Employees, Persons Using
  Federal EIT
• Federal Acquisition Regulations (2001)
• Computers, kiosks
• Department of Defense, General Services
  Administration, National Aeronautics and Space
  Administration
• Economic Impact gt100M/Yr
• Exceptions Micro-Purchase, National Security
  Undue Burden

http//www.access-board.gov/sec508/FARnotice.htm
16
Supply Side Legislation

• Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act (1980)
• Federal Labs
• Bayh-Dole Patent and Trademark Act (1980)
• Universities
• 42B Research Funding / Year
• Small Business Innovation Development Act (1982)
• SBIR Grants to Small Business
• Small Business Technology Transfer Act (1992)
• STTR Grants to Universities Small Business

17
AT SBIR Funding (1996-2005)
8.1
19.6
70.8
5.4
12.2
80.9
18
AT for Function Structure
19
AT for Activities
20
AT for Participation
21
Transgenerational AT

• Demographics
• Societal Norms
• Legislation

22
Demand Side Legislation

• Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
• Title II (State and Local Governments) -
  "required to give people with disabilities an
  equal opportunity to benefit from all their
  programs, services and activities (e.g. public
  education, employment, transportation,
  recreation, health care, social services, courts,
  voting and town meetings)",
• Olmstead Decision (1998), Olmstead Executive
  Order (2001)
• Supreme Court ruled that Title II of the
  Americans with Disabilities Act requires that
  people with cognitive disabilities (and by
  extension any person with a disability) must be
  able to live in a "least restrictive environment."

23
Intel ProHealth
24
Microsoft Accessibility
25
Amount per Award (1996-2005)
26
AT SBIR Awards (1996-2005)
7.5
30.4
5.6
23.4
60.3
68.3
27
NIH Awards (Function Structure)
28
NIH Awards (Activities)
29
NIH Awards (Participation)
30
Education Awards (Activities)
31
Education Awards (Participation)