PreWorld War One Europe

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Pre-World War One Europe
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Germany not a united country but collection of
independent states, duchies
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(No Transcript)
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Prussia largest German state ruled by
Hohenzollern family since 1614 wants to unite
German states under Prussian rule problem -
Austria
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Otto von Bismarck the Iron Chancellor Works
with Prussian army to achieve goal of unified
Germany in 3 steps
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Otto von Bismarck
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Kaiser Wilhelm I
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Step 1 Start war with Denmark -tests new
army -gets Schleswig/Holstein and naval base at
Kiel
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Step 2 Pick fight with Austria -several smaller
states support Austria -Prussia wins in 6
weeks -take Hanover, Hesse, Nassau, Cassel,
Frankfort
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Step 3 Must find an enemy that will unite all
German states in order to defeat
FRANCE
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France
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Since Napoleon lost, France in political
turmoil Bourbons back on throne deposed in
1830 revolution Peoples King Louis
Philippe overthrown in Revolution of 1848
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2nd Republic is declared people elect as
President Louis Napoleon 1851 declares himself
Napoleon III
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Louis Napoleon Napoleon III of France
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Relative of the Kaiser asked to be king of
Spain France doesnt want to be surrounded by
Hohenzollerns Kaiser Wilhelm I agrees not to
support his relative
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Bismarck rewrites the message so it insults France
Ems Telegram
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Franco-Prussian War
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Prussia invades France surrounds one army at
Sedan Napoleon and 100,000 surrender defeats
other army at Gravelotte Paris under seige
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Results 2nd German Empire proclaimed France
sets up 3rd Republic France must give up Alsace
Lorraine 1 Billion francs
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3rd Republic Average life of government
1yr Problems threatened revolutions scandals
Dreyfus affair
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Germany Wilhelm I - Kaiser Bismarck
Chancellor Stays this way until Wilhelm dies in
1888
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Kaiser Frederick William Kaiser for 3 months
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New Kaiser Wilhelm II
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Wilhelm Builds up navy Acquires
colonies Fires Bismarck
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Great Britain
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Limited monarchy 2 party system The Empire
continued to grow in the later half of the 19th
century
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What is the purpose of the colonies? How are the
colonies and trade to and from the colonies
protected?
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Splendid Isolation no commitment to any country
in Europe England traditionally against the
strongest continental power Spain
Armada France of Louis XIV Napoleon
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Who is England against now?
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The United States
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US becomes industrial power in 19th century
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US has no natural rivals near by to challenge for
power Allowed to grow at own pace
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Begin to look outward at the end of 19th
century TR Imperialism Great White Fleet