Diapositiva 1

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ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN PORTS
1st Middle East Conference and Exhibition on
ITS Dubai, UAE December 5, 2006 Patrick Wappenhans
Toll System Vehicle Control
Avda. República Argentina 6, 5a planta 08023
BARCELONA
Tel. [phone] Fax  [phone]
www.tecsidel.es
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INTRODUCTION

• Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) based on
  Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) tags
  is widely deployed on motorways, bridges and
  tunnels.
• DSRC tags can also be used as a payment means on
  ferries.

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BENEFITS OF FERRY ETC

• Ferry Operator
• Automation of toll collection
• Reduction of costs
• Higher throughput, faster check-in process
• Better user service

• Tags issuer
• Increase of tags demand

• Other Toll Scheme Operator
• (indirectly)
• Increase of ETC users, reduction of manual
  transactions
• Higher public acceptance

• ETC user
• Same tag (and account) for different services
• Easy payment transaction

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TWO APPROACHES FOR FERRY ETC
Off-board

• ETC lanes on the shore, similar to motorway
  toll lanes.
• Fast transactions, high throughput
• Suitable for big ferries.

On-board

• Operators perform toll collection manually
  on-board using handheld devices.
• Light infrastructure.
• Low costs.
• Suitable for small / medium ferries.

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CHARGING POLICIES
Fee f (journey, date time, vehicle class,
discounts,...)
Journey
Defined by the origin point and the destination
point. It is normally not an issue in ferry toll
systems.
Date time
Related to the day of the year, the day of the
week, holiday, time (peak periods and valley
periods).
Vehicle class
Vehicles pay for the use of the infrastructure
(road) / occupancy of the surface (ferry). This
depends on physical characteristics of the
vehicle.
Discounts
Are related to the number of trips performed in a
given period, the amount prepaid,...
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VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION
Class f (axles, wheels per axle, length,
height, width, trailer, ...)
Vehicle classes

• Related to physical, measurable characteristics
  such as number of axles, wheels per axle, length,
  height, width, presence of a trailer, etc. Length
  is normally used to classify on ferries.
• Automatic vehicle classification (AVC) can be
  performed on toll lanes.

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VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION
Technologies

• Ground / overhead sensors.
• Optical / mechanical devices.

• Treadles.
• Optical curtains.
• Laser scanners.
• Cameras.

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LENGTH MEASUREMENT WITH LASER SCANNERS

• The length is measured by the longitudinal
  laser. The technique is to track the position of
  the rear edge of the vehicle each time a scan is
  performed
• The first perpendicular laser is used to
  separate vehicles
• The second perpendicular laser is located at a
  fixed distance x. With this third laser, for long
  vehicles, only ?x is to be measured, therefore
  the angle of vision is lower and the accuracy
  higher
• For vehicles shorter than x, the whole length is
  measured by the longitudinal laser

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MEANS OF PAYMENT
Cover all means used in payment transactions and
some means specific to toll facilities.

• Cash
• Credit card
• Smartcard
• DSRC tag
• DSRC tag Smartcard

The toll system has to be equipped with payment
devices in accordance with the accepted means of
payment.
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TOLL COLLECION
ETC lanes

• An overhead DSRC antenna reads the tags.
• The transaction is performed automatically when
  the vehicle passes through the reading area.
• The vehicle is automatically classified. The
  class is associated to the transaction.
• With or without exit barrier. If not, video
  enforcement is necessary.

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TOLL COLLECTION
Mobile solutions

• Suitable for on-board toll collection.
• The basic equipment is a handheld computer
  (PDA).
• All payment means are accepted through
  specialized handheld devices DSRC reader,
  smartcard reader, receipts printer,
• Data transmission
• Off-line from a docking station.
• On-line if Wi-Fi network available.

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CASE 1 - FOSEN FERRY (NORWAY)
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FOSEN FERRY

• Flakk Rørvik crossing (Trondheim fjord,
  Norway)
• Off-board toll collection.
• Nation-wide AutoPASS ETC system, 1.000.000 users
• 1 manual lane 1 ETC lane on each shore,
  located before the marshalling area.
• Ground link from one shore to the central system
  and radio link between the two shores.

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FOSEN FERRY

• Vehicle classification based on length L lt 6
  6 lt L lt 12 L gt 12. Equipment 3 laser scanners.
• The tag class is not valid for the ferry,
  therefore it has to be measured.
• When manual lanes are closed (at night), images
  of non-ETC vehicles are sent by radio link to the
  on-board computer. Manual toll collection is then
  performed on-board for these vehicles.

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CASE 2 TORPOINT FERRY (UK)
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TORPOINT FERRY

• Tamar river crossing (Plymouth, UK).
• On-board toll collection.
• Toll collection system for ferry and nearby toll
  bridge (Tamar Bridge). Common central server.
  Local scheme, 20.000 ETC users
• Means of payment cash, tag (replacing existing
  vouchers) and smartcard (exempt users).
• Mobile devices PDA with integrated smartcard
  reader DSRC handheld reader printer.

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TORPOINT FERRY

• Transaction data collected during a shift are
  transferred to the central system when the PDA is
  put for charging on a docking station.
• Customer Service Center at the ferry office for
  accounts creation and tags distribution.
• Web-based customer service application.

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THE FUTURE APPLICATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

• The presentation has shown different solutions
  for electronic payment on ferries. The technology
  is available and covers a wide range of
  functional and operational needs.
• What is the situation in Europe? In countries
  where tags are widely introduced for road user
  charging (Spain, France, Italy, Norway,
  Austria,...), new applications of electronic
  payment are sought, especially for ferries and
  car parkings.
• What is the situation in the Middle East? There
  are many coming projects for road user charging.
  Some are new schemes, some are modernizations of
  existing schemes. In this context, there is a
  very good market for electronic payment, and
  therefore for ferry and car parking applications.

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THE FUTURE APPLICATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

• Policies for introduction of electronic payment
  should take into account
• Compatibility in terms of technology between the
  different services.
• Interoperability between Operators.
• Publicity, tag distribution policies.
• Public acceptance
• Advantages for electronic payment users.
• Good customer service.
• Wide range of applications same tag, many uses

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THANK YOU
Patrick Wappenhans
Toll System Vehicle Control
Avda. República Argentina 6, 5a planta 08023
BARCELONA
Tel. [phone] Fax  [phone]
www.tecsidel.es