CCNA Guide to Cisco Networking

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CCNA Guide to Cisco Networking

• Chapter 10 Access Lists

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Objectives

• Describe the usage and rules of access lists
• Establish standard IP access lists
• Produce extended IP access lists
• Apply access lists to interfaces
• Monitor and verify access lists

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Access Lists Usage and Rules

• Permit or deny traffic
• Identify traffic based on
• Protocol
• Source address
• Destination address
• Port number

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Access Lists Usage

• Conceptual syntax to block access from network 4
  to network 1
• Access-list 1 deny network 4
• Access-list 1 permit any
• Implicit deny any

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Access Lists Usage (continued)
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Problems With Access Lists

• Lack of planning
• What needs to be filtered?
• Where does it need to be filtered?
• Access lists are filters that
• Can have multiple lines of instruction
• Each line of instruction is applied sequentially
  until a match is found
• Access list changes
• Make changes to a text editor
• Notepad.exe
• Remove entire access list
• Cut and paste entire new access list

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Problems With Access Lists (continued)

• Accidental telnet block
• reload command
• reload in hh mm month day month day
• Routerb reload in 0030

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Access List Rules

• Create and apply ACLs sequentially
• All new lines are added to the end of the list
• Apply the ACLs through the eyes of the
  man-in-the-the-router
• ip access-group 1 in
• ip access-group 1 out
• One ACL per direction, per protocol, per interface

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Access List Rules (continued)

• Access lists have the following rules
• Routers apply lists sequentially as they are
  configured
• Routers apply lists to packets sequentially, from
  the top down, one line at a time
• Packets are processed only until a match is made
• Lists always end with an implicit deny
• Access lists must be applied to an interface as
  either inbound or outbound traffic filters

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Access List Rules (continued)

• Access lists have the following rules (continued)
• ACL numbers 1 thru 99
• Only one list, per protocol, per direction can be
  applied to an interface
• Access lists are effective as soon as they are
  applied to the interface
• Place standard ACLs close to destination
• Place extended ACLs close to source

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Access List Rules (continued)
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Access List Rules (continued)
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Standard IP Access Lists

• Filter network traffic based only on source
  address
• access-list list permitdeny source
  address source wildcard mask
• list Standard IP access lists are
  represented by a number in the range of 199
• permitdeny Used to specify the action of the
  access list line
• source address The IP address of the source
• source wildcard mask Determine which bits of
  the source address are significant

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Standard IP Access Lists (continued)
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Standard IP Access Lists (continued)
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Standard IP Access Lists (continued)
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Standard IP Access Lists (continued)
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Standard IP Access Lists (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples

• Access list command examples
• Single IP
• Access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.1 0.0.0.0
• Access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.1
• Access-list 1 permit host 192.168.10.1
• Network
• Access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255
• All packets
• Access-list 1 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
• Access-list 1 permit any

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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Standard IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Monitoring Standard IP Access Lists

• show access-list command
• show ip access-list command
• show interfaces command
• show ip interfaces command

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Extended IP Access Lists

• Filter based on
• Protocol type
• Source IP address
• Destination IP address
• Port number
• ACL numbers 100 thru 199

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Extended IP Access Lists (continued)

• access-list list permitdeny protocol
  source IP address source wildcard mask
  operator port destination IP address
  destination wildcard mask operator port
  log
• list Number in the range of 100199
• permitdeny Used to specify the nature of the
  access list line
• protocol The IP protocol to be filtered can be
  IP (which includes all protocols in the TCP/IP
  suite), TCP, UDP, ICMP, or others
• source IP address The IP address of the source
• source wildcard mask Determine which bits of
  the source address are significant

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Extended IP Access Lists (continued)

• access-list list permitdeny protocol
  source IP address source wildcard mask
  operator port destination IP address
  destination wildcard mask operator port
  log (continued)
• destination IP address The IP address of the
  destination
• destination wildcard mask Determine which bits
  of the destination address are significant
• operator Can contain lt (less than), gt
  (greater than), eq (equal to), or neq (not equal
  to)
• port Port number of the protocol to be
  filtered
• log Turns on logging of access list activity

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Extended IP Access List Examples
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Extended IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Extended IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Extended IP Access List Examples (continued)
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Extended IP Access List Examples (continued)
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The Established Parameter

• Permit traffic on the 15.0.0.0 network as long as
  long as the traffic originated from the 15.0.0.0
  network
• access-list 100 permit tcp any 15.0.0.0
  0.255.255.255 established

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Monitoring Extended IP Access Lists

• show access-list command
• show ip access-list command
• show interfaces command
• show ip interfaces command

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Monitoring Extended IP Access Lists (continued)
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Monitoring Extended IP Access Lists (continued)
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Using Named Lists

• Cisco IOS version 11.2 and above
• Named ACL examples
• RouterC(config) ip access-list standard name
• RouterC(config) ip access-list extended name
• RouterC(config-std-nacl) denysource
  source-wildcard any
• RouterC(config-std-nacl) permitsource
  source-wildcard any
• RouterC(config-if) ip access-group name in
  out

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Controlling VTY Line Access

• Restricting access to telnet
• Access control examples
• Individual hosts
• RouterA(config) access-list 12 permit
  192.168.12.12 0.0.0.0
• RouterA(config) access-list 12 permit host
  192.168.12.12
• Network access
• RouterA(config) access-list 12 permit
  192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
• Apply access list to interface
• RouterA(config) line vty 0 4
• RouterA(config-line) access-class 12 in

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Summary

• Access lists are one of the most important IOS
  tools for controlling network traffic and
  security
• Access lists are created in a two-step process
• First, you create the list in global
  configuration mode, using the specific syntax of
  the type of list you want to create
• Then, you apply the list to an interface in
  interface configuration mode to make it active

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Summary (continued)

• All access lists are created sequentially and
  applied sequentially to all packets that enter an
  interface where the list is applied
• By default, access lists always end in an
  implicit deny any, which will drop any packet
  that does not meet an access list criterion
• Only one access list per direction (inbound or
  outbound) per protocol can be applied to an
  interface
• Standard IP access lists allow you to filter
  traffic based on the source IP address of a
  packet
• They should be applied to an interface as close
  to the destination as possible to avoid
  accidentally blocking valid traffic

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Summary (continued)

• Extended IP access lists filter traffic based on
  source, destination, protocol type, and
  application type
• They allow for more specific control over network
  traffic
• They should be placed as close to the source as
  possible to keep unnecessary traffic from getting
  onto the internetwork

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Summary (continued)

• Access lists can be used to restrict telnet by
  controlling VTY line access
• This is usually done using a single permit access
  list line
• The list is applied using the access-class
  command
• The list is placed on the device to which telnet
  is being restricted