Calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings EN 15316-4-4 : Heat generation systems in buildings, building integrated cogeneration systems

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Calculation of the integrated energy performance
of buildingsEN 15316-4-4 Heat generation
systems in buildings, building integrated
cogeneration systems

• Theo Thijssen
• TNO Built environment and geosciences,
• The Netherlandstheo.thijssen_at_tno.nl

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The EU CENSE project (Oct. 2007 - March 2010)

• Aim of the project
• To accelerate adoption and improved effectiveness
  of the EPBD related CEN- standards in the EU
  Member States
• These standards were successively published in
  the years 2007-2008 and are being implemented or
  planned to be implemented in many EU Member
  States. However, the full implementation is not a
  trivial task
• Main project activities
• To widely communicate role, status and content of
  these standards to provide guidance on the
  implementation
• To collect comments and good practice examples
  from Member States aiming to remove obstacles
• To prepare recommendations to CEN for a second
  generation of standards on the integrated energy
  performance of buildings

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Brief introduction

• A brief introduction to the CENSE project and the
  CEN-EPBD standards is provided in a separate
  presentation

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FITTING INTO THE PUZZLE
VENTILATION
COOLING
EN
15243
EN 15603
slide 4
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Combined heat and power

• CHP combined production of heat and electrical
  power.
• The combined production can result in high
  yields.
• Micro-CHP is defined as all cogeneration
  installations with an electric capacity lt 50 kW.
• The standard treats only building integrated
  units which are heat-led.

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Presentation EN 15316 4.4

• Scope of the standard
• Principle of the methods
• Description of the methods
• Links with EN standards

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Scope of the standard

• Method for assessing the energy performance of
  combined heat and power systems in buildings for
  space heating and/or domestic hot water.
• Method may be applied for
• Determining energy performance of a combined
  heat and power system,
• Judging compliance with regulations expressed in
  terms of energy targets,
• Optimisation of energy performance of a planned
  system,
• Assessing the effect of energy conservations
  measures on an existing system.
• Only the calculation method and input parameters
  are normative. All values should be given in
  national annexes.
• The framework for the calculation is described in
  EN 15603

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Principle of the method

• The operation mode and the heating
• demand of the building(s) determine
• the total heat to be supplied by the
• CHP unit. This excludes any
• dumped heat.
• Two possible operation modes
• The cogeneration unit supplies base load of the
  installation.
• The cogeneration unit is acting as a boiler
  substitute.

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Principle of the method
Heat demand of the space heating system -
Required space heating needs (EN ISO 13790) -
Thermal losses from space heating emission (EN
15316-2-1) - Thermal losses from space heating
distribution (EN 15316-2-3) Heat demand the
domestic hot water system - Required energy for
domestic hot water needs (EN 15316-3-1) -
Thermal losses from domestic hot water
distribution (EN 15316-3-2) - Generation
(storage losses) (EN 15316-3-3)
Besides heat demand, at least the following
factors are to be taken into account - water
temperature (return/flow) - start/stop
effects - part load operation - air inlet
temperature
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Description of the method

• Two possible methods depending on operation mode
• The fractional contribution method
• CHP unit supplies only base load
• Only full load characteristics are important
• The annual load profile method
• The CHP unit acts as a boiler substitute,
  providing (nearly) all heat
• Performance characteristics over the full load
  range, including part load conditions, must be
  known
• Cogeneration unit is assumed to be heat-led so
  there is no dumped heat

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Description of the methodfractional contribution
method

• The calculation method comprises the following
  steps
• Determine annual heating needs to be supplied by
  the cogeneration installation
• Determine annual efficiency of cogeneration unit
  from test results
• Calculate annual fuel input for the cogeneration
  installation by dividing heat to be supplied by
  the annual efficiency
• Annual system thermal loss of the cogeneration
  installation
• Annual electricity output of the cogeneration
  installation

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Description of the methodannual load profile
method

• The calculation method comprises the following
  steps
• Determining the energy performance for full
  range of load conditions
• Determining the annual load profile
• Annual heat output of the cogeneration
  installation
• Annual fuel input for the cogeneration
  installation
• Electricity output of the cogeneration
  installation
• Annual average thermal efficiency of the
  cogeneration installation
• Annual system thermal loss of the cogeneration
  installation
• So the method is rather similar to fractional
  contribution method. The main difference is in
  the first two steps, the energy performance over
  the full range of conditions and the annual load
  profile. This needs to be accounted for because
  the performance of a CHP unit varies strongly
  under part load conditions.

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Description of the methodannual load profile
method

• Both thermal and electrical efficiency are
  strongly dependent on proportion of full load.
• For very low loads the electric efficiency
  approaches 0.
• Therefore, an annual load profile has to made,
  giving operation time per bin.
• Multiplying the load profile with performance
  characteristics over the full load range gives
  annual performance of the CHP unit.

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More information

• More information and downloads www.iee-cense.eu

Disclaimer CENSE has received funding from the
Communitys Intelligent Energy Europe programme
under the contract EIE/07/069/SI2.466698. The
content of this presentation reflects the authors
view. The author(s) and the European Commission
are not liable for any use that may be made of
the information contained therein. Moreover,
because this is an interim result of the project
any conclusions are only preliminary and may
change in the course of the project based on
further feedback from the contributors,
additional collected information and/or increased
insight.