Kingdom Animalia

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KingdomAnimalia
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Kingdom Animalia

• They are complex, multicellular organisms
• Their cells have a nucleus and organelles
• Their cells do not have a cell wall
• Most of them can move about freely from place to
  place
• They lack chlorophyll and obtain their food by
  feeding on the body parts of other organisms
• They have specialized systems for detecting the
  environment, movement and coordinating body
  functions

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Classification of Animals
Animals
Invertebrates (without backbone)
Vertebrates (with backbone)
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Backbone/Vertebral Column
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Invertebrates
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Invertebrates

• The major groups of invertebrates are
• Coelenterates/Cnidarians
• Flatworms
• Roundworms
• Ringed worms
• Arthropods
• Molluscs
• Echinoderms

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Cnidarians(Coelenterates)
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Cnidarians

• They have a soft, sac-like body with one opening
  forming the mouth and anus
• They have tentacles with stinging cells which can
  paralyze organisms
• They live in fresh or sea water
• Examples jellyfish, coral, sea anemone and Hydra

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Anemone
Bubble Coral
Hydra
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Jellyfish
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Flatworms
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Flatworms

• They have a long and flattened body
• Some are human parasites, which obtain nutrients
  from the human body
• Examples tapeworm, liverfluke and planarian

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Planarian
Tapeworm
Liverfluke
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Roundworms
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Roundworms

• They have a small, cylindrical body with two
  pointed ends
• Their body is long and unsegmented
• Some of them are free living and some are
  parasites in plants and animals
• Examples Ascaris and hookworm

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Hookworm
Ascaris
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Ringed Worms
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Ringed Worms

• They have an elongated body with segments
• They have chaetae (singular chaeta), i.e.
  bristle-like hair, for movement
• They live in soil or water
• Examples earthworm and leech

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Chaetae
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Earthworm
Leech
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Arthropods
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Arthropods

• They are protected by a hard exoskeleton
• They have jointed legs
• Their body is divided into distinct regions made
  up of segments
• The number of types of arthropods in the world
  are more than the number of types of other
  animals put together

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4 Groups of Arthropods

1. Crustaceans
2. Arachnids
3. Myriapods
4. Insects

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Crustaceans

• They have five or more pairs of jointed legs and
  two pairs of antennae (singular antenna)
• They are mainly aquatic
• They use gills for gas exchange
• Examples shrimp, crab, water flea, lobster and
  woodlouse

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Lobster
Crab
Woodlouse
Shrimp
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Water Flea
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Arachnids

• They have four pairs of jointed legs
• They have no antennae
• They mainly live on land
• Their body is divided into two parts head and
  abdomen
• Examples spider, scorpion and mite

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Spider
Scorpion
Mite
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Myriapods

• They have a long and segmented body
• They have many pairs of legs
• They are terrestrial animals
• Examples centipede (one pair of legs on each
  segment) and millipede (two pairs of legs on each
  segment)

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Millipede
Centipede
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Insects

• They have clearly defined head, thorax and
  abdomen
• They have three pairs of jointed legs and two
  pairs of wings
• They have one pair of antennae
• They have one pair of compound eyes
• They are the most numerous animals in the world
• Some insects undergo metamorphosis during their
  development from larva to adult stage
• Examples butterfly, grasshopper, bee, beetle,
  dragonfly, cockroach and mosquito

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Grasshopper
Cocoon
Butterfly
Mosquito
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Molluscs
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Molluscs

• They have a soft and unsegmented body, usually
  with a hard shell protecting the body
• Most of them have a muscular foot
• Most of them live in water
• Examples snail, clam, squid and octopus

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Snail
Clam
Octopus
Squid
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Echinoderms
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Echinoderms

• They have a radially symmetrical body (i.e.
  having a symmetrical arrangement of radiating
  parts about a central point)
• They have a tough skin which may be covered with
  spines
• They live in sea water
• Examples starfish, sea urchin and sea cucumber

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Starfish
Sea Urchin
Sea Cucumber
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Vertebrates
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Vertebrates

• The major groups of vertebrates are
• Fish
• Amphibian
• Reptile
• Bird
• Mammal

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Fish
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Fish

• They have a moist skin covered with scales

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Fish scales for protection
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Fish

• They have a moist skin covered with scales
• They are aquatic vertebrates
• They use gills for gas exchange
• They have a streamlined body, which reduces water
  resistance during swimming
• They have fins for swimming and maintaining
  balance in water

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Fish

• They lay eggs in water

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Fish eggs
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Fish

• They lay eggs in water
• Their body temperature changes with the
  environment, i.e. they are poikilotherms
• Examples shark, eel, goldfish and sea horse

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Eel
Sea Horse
Goldfish
Shark
Angel Fish
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Amphibians
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Amphibians

• They have a naked and moist skin
• Tadpoles, the young stage of amphibians, are
  fish-like and live in water. The adults are
  partly aquatic and partly terrestrial
• Tadpoles have gills for gas exchange whereas the
  adults may use the skin, mouth and lungs for gas
  exchange

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Amphibians

• They have two pairs of limbs with five digits
  each in the adult stage for movement
• They lay eggs in water
• They are poikilotherms
• Examples frog, toad and salamander

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Frog
Salamander
Toad
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Reptiles
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Reptiles

• They have a dry, hard skin covered with scales
• Many live on land
• They have lungs for gas exchange
• They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on land
• They are poikilotherms
• Examples lizard, snake, tortoise and crocodile

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Snake
Lizard
Crocodile
Tortoise
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Dinosaurs The Terrible Lizards
Brachiosaurus
Tyrannosaurus
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Birds
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Birds

• Their skin is covered with feathers
• They have two pairs of limbs the forelimbs are
  modified to form a pair of wings for flying
• Most of the birds can fly but some cannot, such
  as penguins and ostriches
• They have no teeth. Their jaws are pointed and
  form a beak
• They have lungs for gas exchange

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Birds

• They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on land
• The parents look after their young
• They maintain a constant body temperature, i.e.
  they are homoiotherms
• Examples swallow, penguin, owl, duck, ostrich,
  robin and pigeon

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Owl
Bird Eggs
Duck
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Anteater
Platypus
Kangaroo
Koala Bear
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Classification of Vertebrates
Vertebrates
Reptiles
Fish
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals

• Feathers

• Scales

• Slimy skins,
• no scales

• Dry scales

• Hairs

• 4 limbs

• 4 limbs

• 2 limbs
• 2 wings

• 4 limbs

• Fins

• Lungs

• Lungs

• Lungs

• Gills

• Gills (Larvae)
• Lungs (Adult)

• Eggs

• Shelled-
• eggs

• Shelled-
• eggs

• Born alive

• Eggs

Cannot control their own body temperature
Can control their own body temperature

• Mammary glands
  

• Beaks

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What bird is the biggest in the world???
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OSTRICHES!!!

• The ostrich is the biggest bird in the world. It
  can weigh up to 300 lbs!! Ostriches are rapid
  runners they can attain a speed of about 65
  km/hour. Ostriches also lay the biggest eggs
  among the birds. An ostrich egg is about 3.3
  pounds and is the size of a babys head. FYI,
  one ostrich egg can make an omelet for 10
  people!!!!!

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Mammals
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Mammals

• They have hair on their skin
• They have lungs for gas exchange
• Their young develop inside the mothers body and
  are born alive
• After birth, the young are fed by milk from the
  mothers mammary glands
• The parents look after their young

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Mammals

• They have highly developed brains
• They are homoiotherms and have a well-developed
  system for regulating the body temperature
• Examples giraffe, dog, lion, dolphin, kangaroo,
  panda, cat, wolf and human

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Primitive Mammals

• They lay eggs instead of giving birth to the
  young alive
• Some of them carry their eggs in pockets/pouches
  in the abdomen
• When the young are hatched from the egg, they are
  fed by milk produced in the mothers mammary
  glands
• Some pouched mammals do not lay eggs, but their
  young are born in a very immature state and need
  to be carried inside the mothers pouch
  immediately after birth for further development
• They are found mainly in Australia