The thigh bones connected to the hip bone: SKELML and the development of KAMLs

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The thigh bones connected to the hip bone
SKELML and the development of KAMLs

• Rachel Ellaway and David Topps Northern Ontario
  School of Medicine

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Basic Science Education is Changing

• From know what to know how
• From linear didactics to matrix knowledgebases
• From objects to connections - knowledge networks
  - nodes and vertices - both important
• From specifics to abstractions - structure,
  pattern, models, metadata
• From abstractions to specifics - instantiation,
  service, mashup, hybrids
• The function of knowledge, its creation,
  acquisition and representation - all in flux
• We need better understanding of this changing
  ecosystem

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The Environment is Changing

• Ambient use of technology
• Educational informatics underpinning it all
• Monolithic do-it-all systems still predominate
  but SOAs are growing
• Interoperability ability of two or more systems
  to exchange data meaningfully
• Integration ability of two or more systems to
  exchange services meaningfully
• Based on standards and specs - MedBiquitous,
  eFramework
• Experiments in discrete knowledge services

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Experiment Knowledge Application Markup
Languages (KAMLs)

• Simple
• Discrete topic area
• Can represent
• Content
• Geography
• Properties
• Dimensions
• Weight
• Tissue
• Functions
• Interactions
• Dependencies

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SkelML

• lt!xmlgt
• ltskelmlgt
• ltbonesgt
• ltbonegt
• ltnamegtulnalt/namegt
• ltnotesgtthe word ulna is a derivation of the Greek
  word for elbow, parallel with the radius it is
  the longer of the two bones, lt/notesgt
• ltkeywordsgtarm,forearmlt/keywordsgt
• ltarticulationsgt
• ltarticulationgt
• ltbonegtradiuslt/bonegt
• ltlocation1gtlesser sigmoid cavitylt/location1gt
• ltlocation2gtstyloid processlt/location2gt
• lt/articulationgt
• ltarticulationgt
• ltbonegthumeruslt/bonegt
• ltlocation1gtgreater sigmoid cavitylt/location1gt
• lt/articulationgt
• lt/articulationsgt
• lt/bonegt

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Issues

• 3D properties difficult to model in XML without a
  3D model - e.g. attachments, joints
• Normal variations in human anatomy - cf normal
  values
• Variations of pathology and abnormality
• Age/developmental issues
• Semantic or simply unique IDs
• Whether to have a single common model for all
  systems or separate per system models

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Others

• Nerves
• Muscles
• Organs
• Body systems
• Landmarks
• Drugs
• Pathologies - ICD-9
• Diagnostic models
• Therapeutic models
• Roles
• Processes
• Services

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Joining them together

• Multi-dimensional matrices
• Tightly coupled
• cross referenced IDs - Xpath, Xquery, Xpointer
• IDs must match across models
• Loosely coupled
• cross referenced semantic matching
• Descriptors must match (probabilistically) across
  models
• Instantiation
• Service-Oriented Clinical Knowledgebases (SOCKs)
  with high levels of abstraction
• Rich semantic searching
• Edge services

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HSVO Edge Services

• HSVO NOSM, McGill, CRC, NRC, Stanford, IDEAL,IiL
• CANARIE funding - NEP - UCLPs
• Platform Services IaaS (Infrastructure as a
  Service)
• CCaaS (Collaboration Control as a Service)
• Edge devices and services
• Mannequin
• Virtual patient
• Physiome
• GIS
• Evidence
• 3D models
• Common query and exchange (?standards-based)
• Using SkelML, NerveML, MuscML, OrganML

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HSVO Use Cases
Use Case 1 Simulated Human Aggregate Patient
Environment Students working with a virtual
patient, data moves to and from mannequins and
physionomic models, query services against
knowledge and evidence
Use Case 2 Virtual Dissection Room Students
working with a lightfield array, communicating
and collaborating, overlaying 2D and 3D images
and models, bookmarking and clipping for viewing
and sharing
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HSVO Architecture
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Experiments

• Educational experiments
• Completeness and representation
• Utility and efficacy
• Fluidity of knowledge access and manipulation
• Technical experiments
• Designs, models and frameworks for SOCKs
• Repositioning knowledge services in a ubiquitous
  environment
• Middleware and service models

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KAMLs and SOCKs

• Simple, granular, single-subject
• Knowledgebase research
• Different levels and forms of integration
• Enabling other RD
• Scholarship and engineering
• Watch this space

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The thigh bones connected to the hip bone
SKELML and the development of KAMLs

• Rachel Ellaway and David Topps Northern Ontario
  School of Medicine