Knowledge Representation

1
Chapter 7

• Knowledge Representation

2
Mental Representation of Knowledge

• Declarative Knowledge

3
Mental Representation of Knowledge

• Declarative Knowledge
• Procedural Knowledge

4
Mental Imagery

• Dual-Code Theory
• Propositional Theory
• Functional-Equivalency Hypothesis
• Neuropsychological Evidence
• Image Scaling
• Image Scanning

5
Mental Imagery

• Dual-Code Theory

6
Mental Imagery

• Dual-Code Theory
• Propositional Theory

7
Mental Imagery

• Dual-Code Theory
• Propositional Theory
• Functional-Equivalency Hypothesis

8
Mental Imagery

• Dual-Code Theory
• Propositional Theory
• Functional-Equivalency Hypothesis
• Neuropsychological Evidence

9
Mental Imagery

• Dual-Code Theory
• Propositional Theory
• Functional-Equivalency Hypothesis
• Neuropsychological Evidence
• Image Scaling

10
Mental Imagery

• Dual-Code Theory
• Propositional Theory
• Functional-Equivalency Hypothesis
• Neuropsychological Evidence
• Image Scaling
• Image Scanning

11
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics

12
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics
• Johnson-Lairds Mental Models

13
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics
• Johnson-Lairds Mental Models
• Propositions

14
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics
• Johnson-Lairds Mental Models
• Propositions
• Mental models

15
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics
• Johnson-Lairds Mental Models
• Propositions
• Mental models
• Images

16
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics
• Johnson-Lairds Mental Models
• Propositions
• Mental models
• Images
• Neuropsychological Evidence for Multiple Codes

17
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics
• Johnson-Lairds Mental Models
• Propositions
• Mental models
• Images
• Neuropsychological Evidence for Multiple Codes
• Lateralization of function

18
Synthesizing Images and Propositions

• Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics
• Johnson-Lairds Mental Models
• Propositions
• Mental models
• Images
• Neuropsychological Evidence for Multiple Codes
• Lateralization of function
• Visual vs. spatial images

19
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps

20
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge

21
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge

22
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge

23
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge
• Barbara Tversky and Heuristics

24
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge
• Barbara Tversky and Heuristics
• Right-angle bias

25
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge
• Barbara Tversky and Heuristics
• Right-angle bias
• Symmetry heuristic

26
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge
• Barbara Tversky and Heuristics
• Right-angle bias
• Symmetry heuristic
• Rotation heuristic

27
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge
• Barbara Tversky and Heuristics
• Right-angle bias
• Symmetry heuristic
• Rotation heuristic
• Alignment heuristic

28
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge
• Barbara Tversky and Heuristics
• Right-angle bias
• Symmetry heuristic
• Rotation heuristic
• Alignment heuristic
• Relative-position heuristic

29
Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps

• Edward Tolman and Cognitive Maps
• Landmark knowledge
• Route-road knowledge
• Survey knowledge
• Barbara Tversky and Heuristics
• Right-angle bias
• Symmetry heuristic
• Rotation heuristic
• Alignment heuristic
• Relative-position heuristic
• Text Maps