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The meaning of food and the contexts in which food is used: Experiences from a population residing in a black township in South Africa.

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Title: The meaning of food and the contexts in which food is used: Experiences from a population residing in a black township in South Africa.


1
The meaning of food and the contexts in which
food is used Experiences from a population
residing in a black township in South Africa.
  • RESEARCHERS
  • Thandi Puoane, Princess Mantwa, Krisela Steyn,
    Debra Jackson,

2
MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY
  • In South Africa a complex picture relating to
    nutritional status of the population exist
  • Under nutrition in children and obesity in adults
  • Obesity is increasingly becoming a serious public
    health problem among black women in South Africa.

3
MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY
  • In 1998 35.7 of African urban women were
    overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and obese (BMI gt 30)
    respectively
  • With urbanisation, diet change to high fat and
    low carbohydrate
  • Food plays an important role in the culture of
    the black African population

4
MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY
  • Studies show that the more urbanised the black
    communities the higher the rate of obesity and
    the less prudent their diets become.
  • Lacking in the literature is the information on
    socio-cultural factors which influence eating
    behaviours of the black African population

5
OBJECTIVES
  • To explore perceptions of black Africans residing
    in a black township of Cape Town about the
    meaning of food, since understanding of the
    context in which food is used will be the basis
    for planning culturally sensitive intervention
    for modifying eating behaviours.  

6
METHODS
  • Qualitative, exploratory research design

7
METHODS
  • Participants were part of the SACLA study, a
    cross-sectional study designed to collect
    information on the prevalence and the risk
    factors for cardiovascular
  • diseases in a black township, South Africa

8
METHODS
  • Purposive sampling to select 32 men and women
  • 6 participants for in-depth interviews
  • 26 for focus group discussions

9
METHODS
  • Subjects were selected based on their responses
    to the question I eat whenever food is
    available
  • 9 men, 12 women who responded positively, 11
    women who responded negatively

10
DATA COLLECTION
  • In-depth interviews with each of the six
    participants
  • Focus group discussions of 8-10 men and women
    grouped by sex
  • what does food mean to you, and for what
    purposes is food used in your family and in your
    community?

11
DATA ANALYSES
  • Data was content analysed by 2 researchers
  • Themes that emerge were summarised and
    illustrated with direct quotes from the focus
    groups.

12
 THE MEANING OF FOOD IN RELATION TO HEALTH
  • Food is important because it keeps us alive.
    There are food with energy and vitamins and body
    building food. Dont eat only starch, you must
    combine it with meat and vegetables
  • If you do not eat body building foods you
    become sick with diseases like tuberculosis and
    malnutrition

13
THE RELATIONSHIP OF FOOD TO THE BODY
  • A person who eats well looks fresh (plump) and
    happy
  • A person who does not eat well becomes thin and
    looks unhappy

14
THE SOCIAL MEANING OF FOOD 
  • Food is used in cultural events. Traditionally,
    food consumption in these ceremonies differs
  • When there are bad news, we drink black tea,
    meat is not consumed during this time, it is
    usually cooked on the day of burial.

15
VALUES ATTACHED TO FOOD
  • Food shows love, acceptance and humanity
    (ubuntu).
  • If you visit a persons house and not given
    food, you feel you are not welcomed
  • Eating large portions of food send a message that
    one can afford to maintain herself

16
VALUES ATTACHED TO FOOD
  • If food is available people should eat as much as
    they can. Food is not measured.
  • People should share food with other people
  • Meat consumption on a daily basis is associated
    with a high socioeconomic status

17
HOW VALUES ABOUT FOOD HAVE CHANGED
  • The food has lost its value due to adoption of
    western culture
  • In the real sense food is becoming less
    important nowadays, look at this example when the
    wife says, if we are not getting that hi-fi set
    ,I would rather starve because the stomach has no
    thank you, do you hear that.
  •  

18
HOW VALUES ABOUT FOOD HAVE CHANGED
  • Consumption of foods such as samp (corn), beans,
    greens, and root plants is associated with
    poverty.
  • Once people move to the city, their expenses
    increase, leaving them with little money for
    food. They resort to cheap unhealthy foods, such
    as tripe, chicken skins, and pigs feet.

19
CONCLUSIONS
  • This study shows that for effective behaviour
    modification psychological, and socio-cultural
    factors should also be taken into consideration.
  • This study provides us with useful information,
    which can be used to develop messages to
    influence behavior modification.

20
RECOMMENDATIONS
  • People should be taught that they do not need to
    prove to other people that they can afford by
    using food because this lead to obesity-and CVD
  • Media should be encouraged to used recipes which
    includes locally available foods
  • Budgeting skills should be taught in all schools
    to children
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