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10-15 minutes, extra-credit 1-5 points: if you want to be graded write on your paper GRADE. You can use notes

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One hypothesis on the birth of the games is that they were ... 200 BCE (Republican time) ... important not only for Roman art history and the upper classes' ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 10-15 minutes, extra-credit 1-5 points: if you want to be graded write on your paper GRADE. You can use notes


1
  • 10-15 minutes, extra-credit 1-5 points if you
    want to be graded write on your paper GRADE. You
    can use notes

2
A world of images
  • Tombs, inscriptions and (more) paintings

3
Some points from last lecture
  • Pompeii importance in Classical Archaeology
  • Roman paintings the four styles
  • Archaeological sources and the reconstruction of
    Roman style of life and social structure

4
Layout of todays lecture
  • We will analyse archaeological evidence on
  • -- people who worked and died in the amphitheater
  • -- working-class people

5
The amphitheater
  • Two main spectacles
  • Gladiatorial fights (munera)
  • Mock hunts of ferocius animals (venationes)

6
  • One hypothesis on the birth of the games is that
    they were imported by Romans from Italic
    populations Samnites or Etruscans (funeral games)
  • Andriuolo (close to Paestum) tomb 58. North slab.

7
Tombs relief, Rome
  • In Rome they probably started as funeral games as
    well, as attested by the fact that they are often
    represented on aristocratic tombs. Then they came
    to be more and more linked to the public display
    of power by the Roman the elite.

8
Expression of the ideals of strength and valour
held by the nobility
  • Munera spectacle offered (to the community)
  • Started in mid 200 BCE (Republican time). In 61
    BCE a law was issued to regulate them, because
    they had become instruments of political and
    electoral propaganda

9
  • In imperial times games were offered by the
    emperor, in occasion of public events and
    inaugurations
  • An official, the editor, was in charge of
    organizing and sponsoring them. There were teams
    of professional gladiators.

10
  • Criminals condemned to death, slaves, prisoners
    of war but also free men who were professional
    gladiators.
  • Mosaic floor from a suburban villa in Rome (ca.
    320 CE) munera

11
  • Mosaic floor from a suburban villa in Rome (ca.
    320 CE) venationes

12
  • The importance of the spectacles in Roman city
    life--
  • The Pompeii amphitheater, wall painting from
    House I, 3, 23, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60-79 CE,
    National Museum, Naples
  • Connected to the Nucerians vs. Pompeiians riot in
    59 CE?

13
  • Oil-lamp, from Italy beginning of II cent. CE

14
Whats in a tomb? Making sense of bones,
inscriptions and more
  • Funerary stele of Palumbus, a gladiator of
    Ephesus
  • Cfr.
  • http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6614479.
    stm

15
  • Bakery of Sotherichus, Pompeii.
  • Wall painting depicting a baker selling bread

16
  • Carbonized loaf of bread and a mill, Pompeii

17
  • Rome, relief of animals and a man moving mills

18
  • Restaurant of Vetutius Placidius,
  • Pompeii

19
Conclusion
  • Archaeological evidence on amphitheaters
    spectacles highlights
  • 1. the diffusion of them all over the territories
    controlled by Rome a shared culture, a mean to
    strengthen the political power of the elite and
    the emperors
  • 2. Life and death of gladiators social values
    and important data on demography of the Roman
    world

20
  • Pompeian evidence
  • important not only for Roman art history and the
    upper classes style of life, but also for a
    better knowledge of Roman social structure as a
    whole. Material culture very often is the only
    evidence we have on the life of the lower strata
    of society
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