Surface Water Quantity Model Development

1
Surface Water Quantity Model Development

• Connely Baldwin
• USU

2
Overview

• Do the first checkpoint
• Summarize management options relating to water
  quantity.
• Identify higher priority/more implementable
  management options
• Assign processes, parameters, and geographic
  locations to each management option to be
  incorporated in the surface water quantity model.
• Describe TOPNET in more detail
• Present plan for early prototype

3
Phase III

• Develop the modeland NOW compress 12 months of
  work into 4
• Components
• Rainfall-runoff transformation
• Evapotranspiration calculation
• Water use calculation
• Ecological flow and water rights accounting
• Diversion/storage accounting
• Integration with ground water model

4
Phase III contd

• Integration of these parts

Note The number in parentheses is the item
number from the previous slide
5
Phase III Milestones/Checkpoints

1. Management option check point
2. Generic rainfall-runoff transformation model
   design
3. Determining which processes are needed in which
   drainages (snow melt, glacier dynamics, drainage
   modifications, etc.)
4. Design of the required processes
5. Evapotranspiration component design
6. Water use component design
7. Ecological flow and water rights accounting
8. Diversion/storage accounting
9. Integration of ground water model components
10. Land-use and land cover modifier (user-interface
    component)
11. Diversion/inter-basin transfer locator
    (user-interface component)
12. Storage locator, including ASR, on-stream
    reservoir, and off-stream reservoir
    (user-interface component)

To facilitate communication with the water
quantity Technical Team, several milestones are
identified that represent significant points at
which agreement on the approach will be obtained
through regular conference calls.
6
Management Options Check Point and Prioritization

• B - Trans-drainage diversions, storage (any
  type)
• A- Water use changes (add new uses, change SW to
  GW)
• A - Land use changes (development, irrigation
  eff.)
• A - Water use rate changes per unit area based
  on land use
• A - GW augmentation of surface water flows in
  low-flow period
• C - Water rights enforcement
• A - Examine sensitivity of system to exempt well
  water use
• C - Tile Drains

7
Generic Rainfall-runoff Transformation Model
Design

• TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979 and later)
  applied to each upland drainage.
• Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration.
• Vegetation interception component.
• Soil zone
• Adjust ET soil moisture availability in root zone
• Infiltration excess runoff generation capabiity
• Unsaturated zone storage and drainage
• Parameters averaged over each drainage.
• Kinematic wave routing of stream flow through
  channel network.
• Various changes to stream flow (use, rights
  limitations, diversions to other drainages)

8
Hydraulic conductivity decreasing with depth
TOPNET Upland Drainages
Precipitation Derived from existing daily
stations and PRISM surface
Potential ET demand Penman-Monteith Pre-built
subroutine
Snow, glacier (Utah Energy Balance) Mass and
Energy Balance Model
Interception Store
Wind Disaggregated from Recent data
Canopy Capacity CC (m) x1 weighted in
subbasins Canopy Storage CV (m) S
Throughfall
Infiltration Excess Runoff
Saturation Excess Runoff
Soil Store SR(m) Soil Zone water content
Parameters Zrdepth from root zone info, Dq1,,
Dq2, K0 , f ,
Implicit Param. Variables SOILCr
zr(Dq1-Dq2), If z lt zr SR enhanced locally
to
Zr
Z
Recharge
Saturated lateral flow driven by topographic
gradient
Saturated Soil Store distribution of wetness
index
Baseflow
9
TOPNET Lowland Drainages
Precipitation, Temperature Derived from daily
data and PRISM surface
Potential ET demand Penman-Monteith Pre-built
subroutine
Wind Disaggregated from Recent data
Snow, glacier (Utah Energy Balance) Mass and
Energy Balance Model
Interception Store
Canopy Capacity CC (m) x1 weighted in
subbasins Canopy Storage CV (m) S
Infiltration Excess Runoff
Throughfall
Saturation Excess Runoff
Soil Store SR(m) Soil Zone water content
Parameters Zrdepth from root zone info, Dq1,,
Dq2, K0 , f ,
Implicit Param. Variables SOILCr
zr(Dq1-Dq2), If z lt zr SR enhanced locally
to
Hydraulic conductivity decreasing with depth
Zr
Z
Recharge
Lumped Parameter GW Store Model 7 drainages
Model parameters from available data Other
extrapolated from available data MODFLOW 3
drainages more work to link to TOPNET
Baseflow
10
Evapotranspiration

• Pre-built Penman-Monteith subroutine to calculate
  daily reference ET (see Handbook of Hydrology, 2d
  edition (1996), Ch 4 for gory details)
• Adjusted to actual ET using daily Kc values based
  on land cover (lookup tables)

11
Water Use

• Based on WRIA 1 Water Accounting Model (WWAM) as
  possible (use their rates as defaults, codify the
  setup as tables in database)
• Differences Reference ET calculated daily, use
  effective precipitation to estimate agricultural
  water use
• Possible extensions
• Account for PUD water use by source location
  (Cherry Point) generalized or aggregated as
  needed
• Allow estimates of exempt well water use
  (sensitivity)
• Changes from surface water to ground water
  withdrawal

12
Ecological Flow and Water Rights Accounting

• Priority-based enforcement
• Starting point for data WRIA 1 GIS layer/Water
  rights and applications database
• Grouping of water rights by drainage (report
  reliability at drainage level)
• Buying senior water rights (devote to ecological
  flow)
• IRPP flows

13
Diversion/Storage Accounting

• Diversions Simple take water from one drainage,
  put it in another
• Storage Almost as simple take water from one
  drainage, hold it for a while, put it back.

14
Integration with Ground Water Model

• Transient Lumped Parameter Model replaces the
  Topmodel saturated zone component relatively
  simple
• MODFLOW recharge disaggregation (develop a
  general procedure, use GIS layers)
• Water use issues agricultural and rural
  residential water use returns to ground water add
  to soil store, municipal use returns to a surface
  water body (to be quantified).
• Visualization differentiate between ground
  water modeling areas and extrapolated areas.