10th American History Unit III- U.S. Foreign Affairs History WWII - Today

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10th American HistoryUnit III- U.S. Foreign
Affairs HistoryWWII - Today

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• Nixon to Bush- 1
• Chapter 33- Pg. 828-830 835

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Reading Quiz
1. What two countries did Nixon visit? 2. What
is SALT? 3. What is the Yom Kippur War? 4. What
did Nixon do in Moscow? 5. What is Détente? 6.
What was the Arab Oil Embargo 7. What is
OPEC? 8. Why was Nixons visit to China so
important?
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Nixon visits China
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Nixon visits China- Feb. 21, 1972

• China was a world leader
• For 22 years the U.S. did not recognize China
• Nixon would support Chinas entry into U.N.
• Ping Pong Diplomacy- Nixon to be first U.S.
  President to visit China
• Détente- bring normal relation between two
  countries.
• Nixon signs the Shanghai Joint Communique
  declaring that there is but one China and that
  Taiwan is part of China.

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Nixon Visits U.S.S.R.
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Nixon Visits U.S.S.R.

• China and U.S.S.R. are bitter rivals.
• U.S. needs to balance its relationship with the
  two.
• Nixon goes to Russia for summit meeting with
  Soviet Leader Leonid Brezhnev.
• Agreements on space, health and science
• SALT- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty- may 26,
  1972 to slow down the dangerous and expensive
  nuclear arms race.
• Détente- successful in easing tensions and
  reducing risks of war with Communist powers.

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Kissinger on Détente with the Soviet Union

• In a speech given to the Senate Committee on
  Foreign Relations, on Sept. 19. 1974.
• Since the dawn of the nuclear age the worlds
  fears of holocaust and its hope for peace have
  turned on the relationship between the United
  States and the Soviet Union.
• Kissinger gives the following reasons for tension
  between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (Differences in
  philosophy and interests)
• Rooted in History and the way the two countries
  developed
• Conflicting values and opposing ideologies
• Diverging national interests that produce
  political and military competition
• Influenced by allies and friends whose friendship
  and interests we will not sacrifice.
• Kissinger recommends the following in dealing
  with these differences.
• Both countries must recognize that neither can
  impose its will on the other without running a
  risk of destruction.
• Both must balance competition with the need for
  coexistence.
• No international peace without a good
  relationship between the two
• Both countries must use restrain themselves and
  use their enormous power to benefit mankind

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War in the Middle East
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War in the Middle East

• Yom Kippur War- Oct. 6, 1973- lasted three weeks.
• Holiest day of the Jewish year.
• Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated surprise
  assault against Israel, with the Egyptian army
  crossing the Suez Canal and Syrian troops
  penetrating the Golan Heights.
• The goal was to win back territory lost to the
  Israelis in 1947 and 1956
• During the next three weeks, the Israel Defense
  Forces turned the tide of battle and repulsed the
  attackers, crossing the Suez Canal into Egypt and
  advancing to within 20 miles (32 km.) of the
  Syrian capital, Damascus.
• Oct. 12, 1973- Nixon gives aid to Israelis to
  fight the war. Helicopters, howitzers, and
  tanks.
• Arabs got supplies from Russia.
• The total cost off the war was estimated to US7
  billion on both Israeli and Egyptian side, but
  much of the operations on Arab side were financed
  by Saudi Arabia.

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Arab Oil Embargo- 1973-1974
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Arab Oil Embargo- 1973-1974

• OPEC- Organization of Oil Exporting Countries
  (Many Arab nations)
• OPEC- declares all oil exports suspended to all
  nations considered to have helped Israel in the
  1973 October war.
• The Arab oil embargo soon causes major shortages
  in the U.S. and Britain and gas rationing
  produces many long car jams at filling stations.
• Saudi Arabia advocated only moderate price hikes
  but in the meantime the cost of crude oil rose
  400 in the next year.
• The immediate results of the Oil Crisis were
  dramatic. Prices of gasoline quadrupled, rising
  from just 25 cents to over a dollar in just a few
  months