Brain Drain and Latin America aglar zden Development Economics Research Group The World Bank cozdenw

1
Brain Drain and Latin AmericaÇaglar
ÖzdenDevelopment Economics Research GroupThe
World Bankcozden_at_worldbank.org
2
(No Transcript)
3
What is the Extent of Brain Drain?

• Increased mobility of educated workers
• Wide Regional Variation as source and
  destination
• Massive exodus from
• Smaller, poorer and isolated countries
• Caribbean, Central America, sub-Saharan Africa

4
(No Transcript)
5
Where Do They Come From ?
Share of Educated Population Living Abroad
Caribbean
Central America
Sub-Saharan Africa
Western Europe
Middle East/North Africa
East Asia
South America
Eastern Europe
South Asia
North America
50
0
10
20
30
40
6
Does Country Size Matter?
Share of Population Living Abroad
Total
7
Does Country Size Matter?
Share of Population Living Abroad
Total
College educated
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Is it Only an Issue for Developing Countries?
College Graduates in 2000
0.3m
US Canada Australia
EU-15 Norway Switzerland
2.7m
2.7m
11.1m
Rest of the World
11
Latin American Migrants In the US Labor Market
12
Educational Composition1980s Arrival
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Haiti
Peru
India
Chile
Cuba
Brazil
China
Belize
Bolivia
Russia
Mexico
Guyana
Uruguay
Panama
Grenada
St. Lucia
Ecuador
Jamaica
Honduras
Dominica
Bahamas
Argentina
Paraguay
Barbados
Colombia
Venezuela
Guatemala
Nicaragua
Trin Tob.
St. Vincent
El Salvador
Costa Rica
West Indies
Philippines
Dom. Rep.
Latin America
St. Kitts-Nevis
Antigua-Barbuda
Bachelor's
Graduate
13
Educational Composition1980s Arrival
14
Educational Composition1980s Arrival
15
Educational Composition1990s Arrival
16
Percent of Native-Born College Graduates in the
US
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Haiti
Peru
Chile
Cuba
Brazil
Belize
Bolivia
Mexico
Guyana
Uruguay
Panama
Grenada
St. Lucia
Ecuador
Jamaica
Honduras
Bahamas
Argentina
Paraguay
Dominica
Colombia
Barbados
Venezuela
Nicaragua
Guatemala
Dom. Rep.
St. Vincent
Trin Tob.
El Salvador
Costa Rica
West Indies
Latin America
St. Kitts-Nevis
Antigua-Barbuda
1990
2000
17
Percent of Native-Born College Graduates in the
US
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Haiti
Peru
Chile
Cuba
Brazil
Belize
Bolivia
Mexico
Guyana
Uruguay
Panama
Grenada
St. Lucia
Ecuador
Jamaica
Honduras
Bahamas
Argentina
Paraguay
Dominica
Colombia
Barbados
Venezuela
Nicaragua
Guatemala
Dom. Rep.
St. Vincent
Trin Tob.
El Salvador
Costa Rica
West Indies
Latin America
St. Kitts-Nevis
Antigua-Barbuda
1990
2000
18
Percent of Native-Born College Graduates in the
US
19
Percent Educated in the US1980s Arrival
20
Percent Educated in the US1990s Arrival
100
80
60
40
20
0
Haiti
Peru
India
Cuba
Chile
China
Brazil
Bolivia
Russia
Mexico
Panama
Jamaica
Grenada
Antigua-
Ecuador
Uruguay
Honduras
St. Lucia
Colombia
Dominica
Barbados
Bahamas
Argentina
Paraguay
Nicaragua
Trinidad
Dominican
Venezuela
El Salvador
Guatemala
Philippines
Costa Rica
St. Vincent
West Indies,
Belize/British
Latin America
St. Kitts-Nevis
Guyana/British
Bachelor's Degree
Graduate Degree
21
Brain Waste
22

• Thank you!