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The Holy Land Jerusalem Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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Title: The Holy Land Jerusalem Judaism, Christianity, and Islam


1
The Holy LandJerusalemJudaism, Christianity,
and Islams relationship to the Holy Land of
Jerusalem as rooted in Scripture and Tradition

A Presentation by Aaron Cator, Molly Leaverton,
and Jessica Power
2
Where is the Holy Land?
Ancient Israel
Modern Israel
3
A Brief History of the Holy Land
Black Date has significance to all faiths of the
book Blue Significant to Judaism Red
Significant to Christianity Green Significant to
Islam
  • ca.1800 BCE- God promises Abraham the Land
  • ca. 1000 BCE- King David establishes Jerusalem as
    the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel
  • 587 BCE- Destruction of the First Temple of
    Jerusalem
  • 30 CE- Death of Jesus
  • 70 CE- Destruction of the Second Temple of
    Jerusalem
  • 621 CE- Muhammad descends into heaven from the
    city of Jerusalem during his night journey
  • 633 CE- Islamic conquest of Palestine (beginning
    of 1300 years of the rule of more than 10
    different empires)
  • 1918 CE- British control of Jerusalem
  • 1948 CE- establishment of the modern day state of
    Israel.

4
Scriptural/Traditional Attachment to the Holy
Land Judaism
  • Jerusalem has been the holiest place in Judaism
    since the 10th century and the establishment of
    the Kingdom of David
  • First Chron. 111-11
  • Exile/destruction of Jerusalem as punishment from
    God and restoration of Jewish rule of Jerusalem
    as a divine reward
  • Second Chron. 719
  • Babylonian Exile
  • Book of Lamentations
  • Love/Mourning of Jerusalem throughout the Hebrew
    Bible
  • "By the rivers of Babylon we sat down and wept
    when we remembered Zion." (Psalms 1371)
  • "The builder of Jerusalem is God, the outcast of
    Israel he will gather in...Praise God O
    Jerusalem, laud your God O Zion." (Psalms
    1472-12)

5
Scriptural/Traditional Attachment to the Holy
Land Christianity
  • Significance in the Hebrew Bible, Christs Jewish
    identity
  • Birth of Christianity in Jerusalem
  • Place of some of Jesus teachings
  • Place of the Last Supper, Death and Resurrection
    of Christ
  • Site of Jesus burial at the Church of the Holy
    Sepulcher
  • Jesus and the Temple of Jerusalem
  • Jesus is presented as a child at the Temple (Luke
    222)
  • Cleanses the Temple of Jerusalem (Mark 1115)
  • Medieval Christians believed Jerusalem was the
    center of the World

6
Scriptural/Traditional Attachment to the Holy
Land Islam
  • Night Journey of Muhammad 621 CE
  • In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most
    Merciful. Glory to (Allah) Who did take His
    Servant For a Journey by night From the Sacred
    Mosque Whose precincts We did Blessin order that
    We Might show him some Of Our Signs for He Is
    the One Who heareth And seeth (all things).
    -Surah 171
  • Dome of the Rock
  • believed by Muslims to be the site of where
    Muhammad ascended into heaven.
  • Al-Aqsa Mosque
  • So Sakariya came out to his people From his
    chamber He told them by signs To celebrate
    Allahs praises In the morning and the evening.
    Surah 1911
  • Cite of the first Qibla before it was changed
    to the city of Makka.
  • Shortly after Muhammads death, Muslims conquered
    Jerusalem.

7
Worksheet 19b
  • Question 2 Based on the assigned secondary
    readings, do you think the notion of Holy War
    is affirmed in any of the scriptures used by the
    three Religions of the Book?

8
Common Beliefs about Jerusalem
  • A Holy city, explicitly mentioned in all three
    religions holy scriptures
  • The Temple Mount is the place that Abraham nearly
    sacrificed his son
  • City that many prophets visited and prophesized
    in
  • Abraham, Moses, Elijah, etc.
  • Common Jewish heritage

9
Current Relationship to Jerusalem Judaism
  • Zionism
  • Political movement that began in the 19th century
    for the state of Israel
  • "The builder of Jerusalem is God, the outcast of
    Israel he will gather in...Praise God O
    Jerusalem, laud your God O Zion." (Psalms
    1472-12)
  • Mainly secular, but rooted its legitimacy in
    biblical nationalistic claims
  • Religious Zionism
  • Jews have an inalienable right to the land of
    Jerusalem because God granted it to them
  • Orthodox Jews tend to adopt this view, while many
    other branches of Judaism vary from finding it
    insignificant to being completely opposed
  • The Modern State of Israel was established in
    1948

10
Current Relationship to Jerusalem Christianity
  • Site of the pilgrimage of thousands of Christians
    each year
  • Around 2.5 of population is Christian (ca.
    150,000 people)
  • Although Jerusalem is a Holy site for Christians,
    God is everywhere and can be found in any place

11
Current Relationship to Jerusalem Islam
  • Jerusalem is considered the third holiest city,
    next to Makka and Madinah
  • Dominated by current conflict
  • Most Arab Muslims believe that Israel belongs to
    the Palestinians
  • Most Muslims believe that the Palestinians have
    been unfairly portrayed through the media and
    that their position is not fully understood

12
Israeli/Palestinian Conflict
  • Before WWI what is now the state of Israel was
    under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
  • In 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement stated that once
    the Ottomans were defeated this land would be
    international territory
  • Balfour Declaration 1917
  • The British create plans for the creation of an
    Israeli state
  • Palestinian Exile
  • Flee to nearby Arab states
  • Around 10 million people considered Palestinian
  • 1948-Creation of the State of Israel and the
    Arab-Israeli War
  • 1967 6-Day War
  • Continued fighting over the West Bank, Jerusalem,
    Gaza Strip

13
Worksheet 19b
  • Question 3 What are your own thoughts regarding
    the ongoing struggle over the Holy Land? Do you
    think the media fairly represents the motives for
    each religions stake in the ongoing conflict?
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