Writing: Composing a message using text

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Writing Composing a message using text

• SPC ED 587
• November 1, 2006

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Comprehensive Reading Instruction Program Should
Include Each of These Every Day

• Listening
• Speaking
• Reading
• Writing

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Writing

• holistic and authentic process of communicating
  by construction of meaningful text
• (Sturm Koppenhaver, 2000, p. 75)

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Steps in Process Writing Approach
Basic Steps in the Writing Process
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• Plan
• Clarify
• purpose/audience
• Generate ideas
• Organize info

• Revise
• Review
• Evaluate
• Revise c
• Correct

• Compose
• Select words
• Spelling
• Syntax
• Grammar

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Skills needed for writing

• Language
• Attention
• Memory
• Higher-order thinking

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Factors Affecting Development of Writing Skills
for Individuals with Moderate or Severe
Disabilities

• Lack of opportunities to develop writing skills
  due to low expectations
• Provision of age inappropriate literacy
  instruction or instruction limited only to
  recognizing sight words
• Underlying language problems, such as limited
  vocabulary or incomplete understanding of grammar
• Limitations in working memory that affect
  planning, organizing, and composing text
• Difficulty with fine motor skills that make
  handwriting laborious and time consuming or, for
  some individuals with physical disabilities,
  impossible
• Limited knowledge of phonics that affects the
  ability to spell words that the writer wishes to
  use in a composition
• Lack of technology and supports that would
  provide access to the writing process
• (Singer Bashir, 2004 Sturm Koppenhaver,
  2000)

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Text Composition Ingredients for Success

• Step 1 Have Expectations
• Step 2 Provide Opportunity
• Step 3 Plan and Implement Effective
  instruction and access and support
• Step 4 Provide More opportunities

• Explicit instruction paired with a process
  writing approach

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Suggestions for Developing Writing Skills

• Journaling
• e.g., Fill-in-the-blank field trip
• Morning Message
• QuickDraw or QuickWrite
• Creating books
• Shared Writing Language Experience Stories
• Alphabet books
• Email or Snail Mail Pen Pals
• Writing Conversations
• Creating Poetry

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Skills needed for Handwriting

• Fine motor skills
• Visual acuity
• Spatial ordering and sequential ordering
• Visual memory
• Kinesthetic memory

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Week 12 11/8 Classroom organization and management of reading instruction Fossett et al. (2003) Erickson Koppenhaver (1995)
Week 13 11/15 Use of technology for literacy instruction for students with intellectual and/or severe disabilities MEET IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER LAB 100 Foley Staples (in press) Erickson et al. (1997) Poetry Assignment Complete PwrPoint Book in-class
Week 14 11/22 Reading Day Work on Final Summary of Progress paper