FILAMENTOUS FUNGI

1
FILAMENTOUS FUNGI

• PAGE 13

2
SOME DISEASES CAUSED BY FILAMENTOUS FUNGI

• Chromoblastomycosis
• Mycetoma
• Mucormycosis
• Aspergillosis

3
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

• A chronic localized infection of the subcutaneous
  tissue caused by several species of dematiaceous
  fungi

4
Chromoblastomycosis

• Fonsecaea pedrosoi
• Cladosporium carrionii
• Phialophora verrucosa

5
Ecological AssociationChromoblastomycosis

• Soil
• Decaying vegetation

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
Murifrom Cells(sclerotic bodies)

• A fungus form resulting from host defenses

12
Muriform cells
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Chromoblastomycosis

• Melanin may be a virulence factor

17
Geographic distribution

• World-wide
• (usually warmer climates)

18
CLINICAL SPECIMENS

• PUS
• BIOPSY MATERIAL

19
TREATMENT(Difficult)

• EXCISION
• TERBINEFINE
• ITRACONAZOLE
• POSACONAZOLE

20
No Serological Tests Available
21
(No Transcript)
22
Mycetoma

• Tumefaction
• Granules
• Draining sinus tracts
• Muscle invasion
• Bone invasion

23
(No Transcript)
24
Mycetoma agents

• Madurella mycetomatis
• Phialophora jeanselmei
• Pseudallescheria boydii

25
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

• WARM CLIMATES
• (SE United States, South America, Africa)

26
ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

• SOIL

27
Clinical SpecimensMycetoma

• Pus
• Tissue

28
IDENTIFICATION

• Colonial morphology
• Conidia formation
• Granules
• Color
• Size shape
• Texture
• Biochemical reactions

29
DEMATIACEOUS HYPHAE
De
30
Serological TestPseudalescheria

• Immunodiffusion

31
Therapy

• Terbinefine
• Itraconazole
• Posaconazole

32
(No Transcript)
33
Mucormycosis

• An acute infection characterized by inflammation
  and vascular invasion and thrombosis.

34
Portal of entry

• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Surface contamination (burns)

35
Mucormycosis

• Rhizopus species
• Mucor species
• Absidia species.

36
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

• WORLDWIDE

37
ECOLOGICAL NICHE

• UBIQUITOUS
• FOOD
• SOIL
• ORGANIC DEBRIS

38
UNCONTROLLED DIABETIC

• Rapidly fatal

39
MUCORMYCOSIS

• CLINICAL SIGNS
• Ketoacidosis
• Nasal stuffiness
• Proptosis
• Eschar

40
CHARACTERISITICS OF MUCOR INFECTION

• AFFINITY FOR ARTERIAL INVASION
• NASAL OR SINUS INFECTIONS
• DIRECT EXTENSION TO THE BRAIN THROUGH CRIBIFORM
  PLATE
• RAPIDLY FATAL

41
(No Transcript)
42
(No Transcript)
43
(No Transcript)
44
WIDE, NON-SEPTATE, RIBBON-LIKE
45
(No Transcript)
46
TREATMENT

• MUCORMYCOSIS
• Control diabetes (or other underlying
  condition)
• Biopsy
• Culture
• Surgery (Debridement)
• Amphotericin B

47
SEROLOGIC TEST

• IMMUNODIFFUSION

48
(No Transcript)
49
ASPERGILLOSIS

• A variety of diseases
• pulmonary, external ears, eyes, meninges, sinuses
  or blood stream

50
CLINICAL TYPES OF PULMONARY DISEASE

1. ALLERGIC
2. FUNGUS BALL
3. INVASIVE

51
Difficult to diagnose

1. Clinical symptoms are not specific
2. Radiography not specific (except fungus ball)
3. Blood cultures seldom positive
4. Serology seldom positive (early)
5. Need invasive procedures for early detection

52
COMMON PATHOGENIC SPECIES

• A. FUMIGATUS
• A. NIGER
• A. FLAVUS

53
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

• WORLD-WIDE

54
ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

• UBIQUITOUS
• SOIL
• DECAYING VEGETATION
• FOOD
• MEDICATION
• AIR VENTS
• DISINFECTANTS

55
Culture

• More than 900 species
• Slow growing
• Various gross colors
• Spores
• Size
• Shape
• Texture
• color

56
(No Transcript)
57
HISTOPATHOLOGY

• DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING
• WIDE, SEPTATE HYPHAE

58
(No Transcript)
59
DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING
60
Aspergilloma
Cavity wall
61
(No Transcript)
62
SEROLOGIC TESTS

• IMMUNODIFFUSION
• (antibody)
• EIA - GALACTOMANNAN
• (antigen)

63
(No Transcript)
64
(No Transcript)
65
DRUG OF CHOICE

• VORICONAZOLE
• AMPHOTERICIN B

66
DIMORPHIC FUNGI(Endemic Mycoses)

• COMMON CHARACTERISTICS
• LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC AREA
• SPECIFIC ECOLOGICAL NICHE
• SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS
• MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT

67
DISEASES CAUSED BY DIMORPHIC FUNGI

• Blastomycosis
• Histoplasmosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Paracoccidioidomycosis
• Sporotrichosis

68
BLASTOMYCOSIS

• Blastomyces dermatitidis

69
BLASTOMYCOSIS

• A CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE AND GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE
  OF ANY TISSUE WITH A PREDILECTION FOR LUNGS,
  SKIN, PROSTATE AND BONE.

70
PORTAL OF ENTRY

• INHALATION
• INOCULATION
• (rare)

71
CLINICAL FORMS

• SYSTEMIC
• USUALLY PULMONARY
• CUTANEOUS
• PRIMARY
• SECONDARY

72
(No Transcript)
73
Pulmonary Symptoms

• Anorexia
• Weight loss
• Cough
• Hemoptysis
• Night sweats

74
(No Transcript)
75
CLINICAL SPECIMENS

• SKIN SCRAPINGS
• SPUTUM
• PUS
• BIOPSY MATERIAL
• URINE
• BRONCHIAL WASHINGS

76
ECOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

• ORGANIC DEBRIS
• (SOIL, ROTTED WOOD, DECAYED VEGETATION)

77
(No Transcript)
78
(No Transcript)
79
(No Transcript)
80
(No Transcript)
81
Virulence Factor

• BAD1

82
(No Transcript)
83
(No Transcript)
84
(No Transcript)
85
(No Transcript)
86
(No Transcript)
87
Identification

• 1. Microscopic observation
• 2. Conversion
• 3. DNA Probe

88
(No Transcript)
89
(No Transcript)
90
Wet Mount
91
SEROLOGIC TEST

• IMMUNODIFFUSION
• COMPLEMENT FIXATION
• EIA

92
DRUGS OF CHOICE

• ITRACONAZOLE
• AMPHOTERICIN B
• VORICONAZOLE

93
(No Transcript)
94
(No Transcript)
95
(No Transcript)
96
END