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Pulmonary Edema

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Pulmonary edema is a condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs ... This results from malfunctioning of the heart. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pulmonary Edema


1
Pulmonary Edema
2
Alternative Names   
  • Lung/pulmonary congestion
  • Lung water

3
Definition
  • Pulmonary edema is a condition characterized by
    fluid accumulation in the lungs caused by back
    pressure in the lung veins. This results from
    malfunctioning of the heart.

4
Causes
  • Pulmonary edema is a complication of a myocardial
    infarction (heart attack), mitral or aortic valve
    disease, cardiomyopathy, or other disorders
    characterized by cardiac dysfunction.

5
Pathophysiology
  • Fluid backs up into the veins of the lungs.
    Increased pressure in these veins forces fluid
    out of the vein and into the air spaces
    (alveoli). This interferes with the exchange of
    oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

6
Symptoms
  • Extreme shortness of breath, severe difficult
    breathing
  • Feeling of "air hunger" or "drowning"
  • "Grunting" sounds with breathing
  • Inability to lie down
  • Rales
  • Wheezing
  • Anxiety

7
Symptoms
  • Restlessness
  • Cough
  • Excessive sweating
  • Pale skin
  • Nasal flaring
  • Coughing up blood
  • Breathing, absent temporarily

8
Signs
  • Listening to the chest with a stethoscope
    (auscultation) may show crackles in the lungs or
    abnormal heart sounds.
  • A chest x-ray may show fluid in the lung space.
  • An echocardiogram may be performed in addition to
    (or instead of) a chest x-ray.

9
Tests
  • Blood oxygen levels (low)
  • A chest X-ray may reveal the following
  • Fluid in or around the lung space
  • Enlarged heart

10
Tests
  • An ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram) may
    reveal the following
  • Weak heart muscle
  • Leaking or narrow heart valves
  • Fluid surrounding the heart

11
Treatment
  • This is a medical emergency! Do not delay
    treatment. Hospitalization and immediate
    treatment are required.
  • Oxygen is given, by a mask or through
    endotracheal tube using mechanical ventilation.

12
Treatment
  • Medications include diuretics such as furosemide
    to remove fluid, vasodilators to help the heart
    pump better, drugs to treat anxiety, and other
    medications to treat the underlying cardiac
    disorder.

13
Expectations (Prognosis)
  • Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition.
    It is often curable with urgent treatment and
    subsequent control of the underlying disorder.

14
Complications   
  • Long-term dependence on a breathing machine
    (ventilator)

15
Patient Education
  • Go to the emergency room or call the local
    emergency number (such as 999) if conditions
    suggesting pulmonary edema occur, particularly if
    breathing is difficult.

16
Patient Education
  • In patients with known diseases that can lead to
    pulmonary edema, strict compliance with taking
    medications in a timely manner and following an
    appropriate diet (usually, low in salt) can
    significantly decrease one's risk
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