Carrier Ethernet Access Extending Ethernet into the First Mile

1
Carrier Ethernet Access Extending Ethernet into
the First Mile
October 2008
2
Introduction Extending Carrier Ethernet into the
First Mile

• This presentation
• Describes how each access technology enables
  delivery of these and other Carrier Ethernet
  benefits to users connected to the worlds
  access networks

3
Carrier Ethernet Access

• Snapshot of a Growing Market
• Standards Driving Market Adoption
• Multi-Site Enterprise Application Example
• The enabling access technologies
• Wireless Backhaul Application Example
• The enabling Ethernet technologies
• Carrier Ethernet Benefits
• Available with any access media
• Enhanced by ubiquitous service access

4
Growing Revenue from Carrier Ethernet
Yankee Group 2008
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The Fiber Gap Remains a Growth Inhibitor
2007 U.S. Fiber Availability of U.S. Commercial
Buildings with 20 employees
2007 European Fiber Availability of European
Commercial Buildings with 20 employees
Fiber
Fiber
15.3
10.7
89.3 No Fiber
84.7 No Fiber
U.S.
Europe
85 of buildings dont have fiber and fiber
deployment is not happening very fast
6
Whats Driving the Ethernet Migration?
Business Ethernet Service Market

• Legacy Services Which Are Migrating to Ethernet
• (10Mbps)
• Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)
• Dedicated IP VPN Services
• ATM
• Frame Relay
• Greenfield/Other
• Private Line

• Legacy Services Which Are Migrating to Ethernet
• (Sub-10Mbps)
• Frame Relay
• Private Line
• Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)
• DSL
• Greenfield/Other
• Dedicated IP VPN Services
• ATM

Source Vertical Systems Group 2008
DIA, Private Lines, Dedicated IP VPN, Frame Relay
are migrating to Ethernet
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IP Applications Drive Ethernet Demand

• Ethernet Service Applications
• Hosted Centrex Service
• IP PBX / Digital Phone
• Distance Learning / Corporate Training
• Medical Imagining
• Secure file transfer
• Offsite Storage
• Transparent LAN Services
• Data Center Interconnection

8
Standards Driving Industry Adoption
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MEF has Standardized the Basic Services

• E-Line Service used to create
• Ethernet Private Lines (EPL)
• Virtual Private Lines
• Ethernet Internet Access

Point-to-Point EVC
UNI
UNI
Healthcare, Ethernet Private Line (EPL)
Multi-point to Multi-point EVC

• E-LAN Service used to create
• Multipoint L2 VPNs
• Transparent LAN Service
• Multicast networks

UNI
UNI
UNI
Government, Campus Connectivity

• E-Tree Service used to create
• Rooted multi-point L2 VPNs
• Broadcast networks
• Telemetry networks

UNI
Rooted Multipoint EVC
UNI
Dedicated Internet Access (DIA)
UNI
10
MEF Standards for TDM Over Ethernet Circuit
Emulation Services over Ethernet (CESoETH)

• MEF 3
• Requirements for TDM transport over Ethernet
  Access
• MEF 8
• Delivery of TDM (T1/E1, DS3/E3) transport over
  Ethernet Access
• MEF 18
• Tests for compliance of CESoETH system
• 334 tests for T1/E1 and DS3/E3 including tests
  of clock recovery

MEF 3 Circuit Emulation Service Definitions,
Framework and Requirements in Metro Ethernet
Networks
MEF 8 Implementation Agreement for the Emulation
of PDH Circuits over Metro Ethernet Networks
MEF 18 Abstract Test Suite for Circuit Emulation
Services over Ethernet

• Primary applications
• Mobile backhaul
• Business services delivery
• PBX Interconnect

Circuit Emulated TDM Traffic
TDM Circuits (e.g. T1/E1 Lines)
TDM Circuits (e.g. T1/E1 Lines)
Carrier Ethernet Network
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What is Circuit Emulation Over Ethernet?
Customer Premises
CESoETH
CES IWF
CES IWF
Ethernet
Ethernet
T1/DS3
T1
Carrier Ethernet Network
PSTN
E-Line Service
Ethernet UNI
Ethernet UNI
Service Provider Network
TDM subscriber demarcation
TDM Network Interface

• Industrys first formal definition of CES
  standards over Ethernet
• CESoETH tunnels TDM traffic through a Carrier
  Ethernet network
• Packet network emulates a circuit-switched
  network, re-creating the TDM circuit
• Invisible to TDM source and destination equipment
• Runs on a standard Ethernet Line Service (E-Line)
• Treats the CEN as a virtual wire between two
  TDM networks

CESoETH can be delivered over any Ethernet access
technology!
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Managing the Carrier Ethernet with OAM

• Developed to provide fault management and
  performance monitoring tools for network links
  and end-to-end EVCs

Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC)
Carrier Ethernet Network
Link OAM
Link OAM
IEEE 802.3ah
IEEE 802.1ag, MEF ITU Y.1731
Service OAM (UNI to UNI)
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Manage the Ethernet-based Physical Link

• IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM
• Provides OAM functions for network segments
  (access links and individual circuits)
• Monitors individual links, not end-to-end EVC
• Provides Link Fault Detection, Monitoring and
  Loopback
• Identify of link Faults and signal dying gasp to
  link-partner
• Detect and notify link performance degradation or
  failure during run-time (compared to pre-set
  thresholds)
• Initiate loopback for testing during installation
  or trouble-shooting
• Organizational Specific Extensions
• Vendors can use 802.3ah extensions to provide
  capabilities such as management channels, ports
  provisioning (VLANs, QoS, rate-limiting, etc.)
  and fault notifications

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Manage the Ethernet Service End-to-End

• Fault Management and Performance Monitoring
  End-to-End (UNI-to-UNI)
• IEEE 802.1ag - Connectivity Fault Management
  (CFM) across EVC
• Continuity Check (CC)
• Loopback
• Linktrace
• Also provides the ability to monitor at specific
  service levels (including customer, service
  provider, operator, section) and support for
  maintenance domains.
• ITU-T Y.1731 OAM Functions Mechanisms for
  Ethernet networks
• Provides all of the 802.1ag functionality with
  additional performance monitoring capabilities
  including
• Frame Loss, Delay and Delay Variation
  Measurements
• Automatic Protection Switching

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MEF Certification

• MEF 9 Test suite at the UNI
• VLAN switching models on the E-WAN
• MEF 14 QOS traffic management
• Guarantees the application performance
• MEF 18 Circuit emulation services over Ethernet
  networks
• TDM circuits (T1/E1, DS3/E3) transported over
  Carrier Ethernet

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Multi-Site Enterprise Access Case Study
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Ethernet Access for a Multi-site Enterprise
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
COAX
WDM Fiber
Direct Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
TDM
PON Fiber
Carrier 2
Ethernet
DS3/E3
Bonded T1/E1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet Over Active Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
COAX
WDM Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
TDM
PON Fiber
Carrier 2
Ethernet
DS3/E3
Bonded T1/E1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet Access over Active Fiber

• Longest Distance
• Distance up to 140 Km with no bandwidth loss
• Highest Bandwidth Capacity
• Bandwidth Capacity of 100Mbps, 1 Gigabit, 10
  Gigabit, 40 Gigabit, and more.
• WDM enables multiple data streams per fiber link
• Security
• Physically secure medium with no EMF emission
  nearly impossible to tap lines
• Scalability
• EVC / E-Line / E-LAN using Q-in-Q VLAN
• High capacity enables rate limiting tiered
  services
• Reliability
• - Protection with redundant links resilient
  rings
• - OAM performance monitoring fault
  notification
• Secure Service Management
• 802.3ah OAM IP-less management provisioning
• NIDs provide securely managed demarcation

Central Office
MediaConversion
NID Demarcation
Multi-Customer NID Demarcation
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Ethernet Over WDM Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
COAX
WDM Fiber
Direct Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
TDM
PON Fiber
Carrier 2
Ethernet
DS3/E3
Bonded T1/E1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet Access over WDM Active Fiber
Central Office

• Future Proof
• Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) enables
  multiple data streams (wavelengths) per fiber
  link
• CWDM supports up to 18 wavelengths per fiber
  access link, more with WDM
• Add/Drop multiplexers provide new access points
  by splicing into the WDM fiber link
• Cost Effective
• Increase fiber access capacity and minimize
  installation of new fiber links
• Small form pluggable transceivers, multiplexers
  and media converters enable WDM wavelengths
  with existing infrastructure equipment
• Scalability
• Quickly implement new fiber access with
  off-the-shelf hardware
• Wavelengths can deliver different network
  protocols to mix Ethernet and TDM services over
  one fiber link

Media and WavelengthConversion
WDM over SONET Ring
Add/Drop Multiplexer
P2P WDM Fiber Access
Direct Fiber
NID
Add/Drop Multiplexer
Direct Fiber
Multiplexer
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Ethernet over COAX (HFC)
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
COAX
WDM Fiber
Direct Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
TDM
PON Fiber
Carrier 2
Ethernet
DS3/E3
Bonded T1/E1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet over COAX

• Cable uses a Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) network
• Network extends fiber to a node
• Coax is used for lower bandwidth sites while
  fiber is still used for large bandwidth sites
• Coax-fed and fiber-fed sites are integrated into
  a single network
• Cost effective alternative to Fiber
• Up to 10 meg with DOCSIS 3.0 implementation -
  scalable in 1 meg increments
• Typical Customer is Regional Business,
  Multi-site, Internet-heavy
• Alternative to Legacy Technologies ATM, Frame
  Relay, T1
• Typical Applications
• Branch office interconnectivity
• Dedicated Internet access
• Disaster recovery / business continuity
• Distance learning
• PACS images
• Automatic teller machine (ATM)
• Security cameras
• Point of sale (POS)

100/1000BaseT
Fiber
Node
Ethernet Edge Aggregator
Coax
Fiber
Carrier Ethernet Network
10/100BaseT
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Ethernet Over Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
COAX
WDM Fiber
Direct Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
TDM
PON Fiber
Carrier 2
Ethernet
DS3/E3
Bonded T1/E1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet over Bonded Copper

• Copper Pairs are Bonded to Create a Single
  Ethernet Pipe
• Utilizes EFM (2BaseTL, IEE802.3ah) Copper Bonding
  Standard
• Leverages Existing Copper to Fill Fiber Gap
• Only 15 of US and 11 of European businesses
  have access to fiber
• Nearly 100 of businesses have enough copper
  pairs to get up to 100 Mbps
• Fast Service Turn Up, Fast Pay Back
• Deploys in days or weeks
• Requires minimal CapEx
• Payback is 3-6 months
• High Bandwidth and Reliability
• Up to 10x more bandwidth than legacy copper
  solutions
• Pair failover capability ensures fiber service
  levelagreements are met or exceeded
• Enables Ubiquitous Service Offerings
• Provides services out to reaches that cover
  majority of providers serving area

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Ethernet over PDH (T1/E1, DS3/E3)
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
COAX
WDM Fiber
Direct Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
TDM
PON Fiber
Carrier 2
Ethernet
DS3/E3
Bonded T1/E1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet over PDH (T1/E1, DS3/E3)

• Ubiquitous Access
• T1 and E1 circuits are universally available
• No distance limitations
• Use where fiber is not available or required
• Rapid service turn-up
• Leverages existing infrastructure
• Well understood provisioning and billing for
  off-net applications
• Flexible and resilient bonding
• Service stays up even if one link breaks
• Add and delete links hitlessly

10/100BaseT
Ethernet Edge Aggregator
EoNxT1 EDD
Nx T1/E1
Carrier Ethernet Network
DS3/E3
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Ethernet Over Passive Optical Network
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Direct Fiber
COAX
WDM Fiber
Direct Fiber
Bonded Copper
Ethernet
Ethernet
SONET/ SDH
TDM
PON Fiber
Carrier 2
Ethernet
DS3/E3
Bonded T1/E1
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet Access over PON (Passive Fiber)

• PON Simplifies Business Park Coverage
• 1 Fiber strand is split at business parks
• Splitters pole mounted or on cables
• Passive splitter serves 64 ONTs
• ONT can be mounted outside
• PON prevents fiber exhaust
• Quick new customer adds
• OPEX Savings Lowest first cost
• Remote ONT activation
• Each ONT serves 4 UNI drops
• Minimal outside plant maintenance
• No power or permits needed
• Affordable Managed UNI demark
• Embedded Service Layering
• E-LANs (MEF9)
• T1 E1 backhaul ports
• IP-POTS ports

Outdoor 164 Passive Fiber Splitter
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
Optical Network Terminal (CPE) UNI
Metro Core
Passive Splitter 132
Single Fiber Strand
Ethernet
Central Office
Ethernet
Optical Line Terminal
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Ethernet over SONET/SDH
Direct Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
COAX
WDM Fiber
Bonded Copper
Direct Fiber
Ethernet
Ethernet
TDM
SONET/ SDH
Carrier 2
Bonded T1/E1
DS3/E3
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet User to Network Interface (UNI)
Ethernet
Ethernet Network to Network Interface (NNI)
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Ethernet over SONET/SDH

• Rapid service turn-up
• Leverages existing equipment and fiber plant
• Ubiquitous availability world wide
• Well understood provisioning and billing for
  off-net applications
• Ethernet enable on-net buildings
• Highly resilient and secure service
• Sub-50ms resiliency
• Secure multi-tenant services
• Legacy TDM circuits supported natively
• Flexible bandwidth options
• OC-3/STM1 up to OC-192/STM64 physical
• Sub-rate and Nx OC/STM are available with VCAT
  bonding

EoS Box
OC/STM
Multi-tenant EoS Box
Carrier Ethernet Network
Add/Drop Multiplexer
OC/STM
Add/Drop Multiplexer
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Mobile Backhaul Case Study
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Multi Physical Transport Mobile Backhaul Example
BTS/NodeB
BTS/NodeB
ONT
Splitter
Microwave
BTS/NodeB
Wireless CO (RNC/BSC)
PON Fiber
Direct Fiber
N x GigE
BTS/NodeB
Ethernet over Bonded PDH (E1/DS1)
Carrier
Bonded Copper
BTS/NodeB
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Ethernet / TDM Services at the RAN

• Backhaul is migrating from legacy TDM/ATM to
  Ethernet
• The introductions of all IP technologies like
  EVDO, WCDMA R.5, LTE, and WiMAX require IP
  backhaul in addition to the legacy TDM/ATM.
• Ethernet is the right choice for growing data
  services
• The introductions of All-IP technologies like
  EVDO, WCDMA R.5, LTE, and WiMAX require IP
  backhaul in addition to the legacy TDM/ATM.
• Multiple access technologies are available
• A Carrier Ethernet RAN (Radio Access Network) can
  be achieved using a combination of different
  physical transport technologies based on
  availability. Examples Fiber, Copper Bonding,
  Circuit Bonding, and Microwaves.
• All RAN traffic can be supported on single
  Carrier Ethernet connection
• The MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF)
  enables the backhaul of any combination of 2G,
  2.5G, 3G, Evolved-3G and 4G voice and data
  traffic over a single Carrier Ethernet RAN.
• The MBH GIWF allows a combination of Ethernet,
  MEF 3/8 based CESoPSN/SAToP, and IETF based
  ATM/Frame Relay/HDLC PWE3 over a single pipe.

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Multiple Generations of Mobile Backhaul
2G
BTS
Ethernet
3G
T1/E1
RNC
NodeB
T1/E1 (TDM and ATM)
OC3/STM-1ATM (Iub)
N x GigE
Ethernet (EVDO/HSPA/3G Rel.5)
CarrierEthernet
Eth
Access Device
Gateway
BSC
4G
CH OC3/STM-1or E1/T1 (Abis)
Ethernet
eNodeB (LTE) BS (WiMAX)
MBH Generic Interworking Function (GIWF) Ex
MEF 3/8
User to Network Interface (UNI)
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Service Convergence for Multiple Generations
37
Next-Gen RAN Transport Network

• Carrier Ethernet can be supported over different
  physical transports
• Carrier Ethernet supports backhaul of all mobile
  generations over a single pipe
• Carrier Ethernet enables high, scalable, and
  flexible bandwidth at lower cost
• Five-Nines availability, redundancy , and OAM
  supported using Carrier Ethernet
• Carrier Ethernet positions the RAN for WCDMA,
  LTE, and WiMAX backhaul

BTS
BSC
E1/T1
TDM
Access Device
Gateway
CarrierEthernet
Eth
Eth
ATM
RNC R99/4
ATM/IMA
NodeB
IP
G.823/824 Compliant Clock
IP RNC LTE AGW
ETH
eNodeB (3GPP R5/ LTE) BS (WiMax)
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Benefits of Carrier Ethernet
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Carrier Ethernet Benefits

• Scalability
• Spans Ethernet, SONET/SDH, WDM, Cable, DSL,
  wireless infrastructures, etc.
• Scales for future bandwidth needs, geographic,
  applications company expansion
• Predictability, Risk Reduction, Certification
• MEF 14 provides first performance certification
  in Communications Industry
• Allows a common world-wide service profile
  independent of local providers
• Control
• Simplified, Enterprise Style management puts
  users in control
• Dynamic, granular, bandwidth-on-demand avoids
  over-specifying network

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Carrier Ethernet Benefits cont

• Performance
• Performance benefits of Layer 2 transport with
  simplified architecture
• User-driven quality of service allows users to
  control converged network performance vs.
  relative application value
• Highest bandwidth speeds available
• Low latency
• Reliability
• Key carrier Ethernet attribute
• Redundant equipment architectures and fast
  re-routing algorithms

• Data Center Server Consolidation
• Creates virtual transparent LAN environment
  reducing risk and cost with highest bandwidth
  available
• High bandwidth, low latency enables more cost
  effective use of resources
• Simplicity
• Simplifying protocols creates one-hop network
  more suitable to time sensitive protocols
• Allows LAN style management for the WAN

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Ubiquitous Availability
Ubiquity
Carrier Ethernet is now supported by more than 50
service providers and 100 equipment
manufacturerswith 40 annual growth
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• www.MetroEthernetForum.org/presentations.htm