Chapter 1 Introduction

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Chapter 1 Introduction
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Concept of digital image processing
Digital image processing refers to processing
digital images by means of a digital computer.
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Background The portrait of the effects of
treatment
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1.1 the real world and record / performance
How to express the real world?
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Image recording / expression (raster format
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• Image is an object of objective similarity,
  vividness of description or photo.

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1.2 digital image processing concept

• Image a series of operations, has achieved its
  purpose of technology as image processing.

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Concept of digital image
An image may be defined as a two-dimensional
function, f(x, y), When x, y, and the amplitude
values of f are finite, discrete quantities, we
call the image a digital image. Pixel is the term
most widely used to denote the elements of a
digital image.
pixel
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• Physical images and the corresponding digital
  image

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• For monochromatic gray-scale images, the
  brightness of each pixel used to express a value,
  usually chosen range between 0-255, so that a
  byte can be used to express. 0 express black,
  white 255 express, while others express gray
  level.

Pure white
Pure gray
Pure black
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• According to the acquisition of technology and
  treatment methods, image processing, image
  processing can be divided into analog (Analog
  Image Processing) and digital image processing
  (Digital Image Processing).
• Analog image processing mainly uses optical
  technology and simulation of electronic
  technology to deal with images.

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• The so-called digital image processing, it is
  using the computer to operate a series of digital
  images, thereby to obtain a desired technology
  results. Digital image processing can not be
  separated from the computer, therefore, also
  known as computer image processing.
• Digital image processing on the premise that The
  digital image treatment, which is due to the
  current digital image processing have adopted
  computer deal, and the computer are digital and
  can only deal with the figures.

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Categorize images according to source

• Gamma-Ray Imaging
• X-Ray Imaging
• Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band
• Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands
• Imaging in the Microwave Band
• Imaging in the Radio Band

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Categorize images according to format

• Binary image
• Grayscale images
• Color images
• Multi-spectral images
• Stereo images

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Binary images
Binary images are images that have been
quantized to two values, usually denoted 0 and 1 .
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Grayscale images
Grayscale images are distinct from
black-and-white images, which in the context of
computer imaging are images with only two colors,
black and white .
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Color images
A color image is a digital image that
includes color information for each pixel. It is
necessary and almost sufficient to provide three
color channels (red, green and blue) for each
pixel.
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• The characteristics of digital image processing
• High accuracy
• Good reproducibility
• Versatility, flexibility, high
• The large volume of image data, deal with a large
  quantity of

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• High accuracy Basic composition
• High accuracy     Digital image processing
  system consists of image digitizing equipment,
  image processing computer and the image output
  device component.
• High accuracy     Image digitizing equipment
  scanners, digital cameras, video cameras and
  image acquisition cards, etc. Image processing
  computer PC, workstation, etc. (usually storage
  devices are also included) Image output devices
  printers, plotters, etc.

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1.5 Digital Image Processing of the basic content
Digital image processing system
Communications
Processing and analysis
sampling
display
Store
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• 1) Image access to information
• Cameras (machine), scanners, CT imaging devices,
  imaging devices other images
• 2) image storage
• A variety of image storage compression formats
  (JPEG, MPEG, etc.), massive image database
  technology
• 3) image processing
• 4) image communication
• Short-range image communications, remote video
  communication
• 5) Image display and printing (printing)
• Display device or devices (graphics cards,
  monitors) Printers, color printers

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Multi-spectral images
Multi-spectral images are the main type of
images acquired by Remote sensing (RS)
radiometers.
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Stereo images
Stereoscopy, stereoscopic imaging or 3-D
(three-dimensional) imaging is any technique
capable of recording three-dimensional visual
information or creating the illusion of depth in
an image.
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The Contents of Digital Image Processing (Image
enhancement)
Image enhancement is among the simplest and
most appealing areas of digital image processing.
The idea image enhancement techniques is to bring
out detail that is obscured, or simply to
highlight certain features of interest in an
image.
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The Contents of Digital Image Processing (Image
enhancement1)
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The Contents of Digital Image Processing (Image
restoration)
Image restoration is an area that also deals
with improving the appearance of an image.
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The Contents of Digital Image Processing (image
rebuild)
http//brains.handsbrain.com
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The Contents of Digital Image Processing (image
segmentation )
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The Contents of Digital Image Processing
(compression coding)

• JPEG
• H.261
• H.263
• MPEG-1
• MPEG-2
• MPEG-4
• MPEG-7
• JBIG

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The Contents of Digital Image Processing (image
recognition )

• Character recognition
• Fingerprint recognition
• Face recognition

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Example of image processing 1
contrast/brightness adjustment
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Example of image processing 2
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Example of image processing 3
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Example of image processing 4
3 dimension modeling
3 dimension construction
Stereo images matching
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Example of image processing 5
Original Image (MOS-1 MESSR)
Image after Classification
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Example of image processing 6
Industry checking and measuring
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Example of image processing 7
Military affairs application
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Example of image processing 8
Medical treatment