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Reality Therapy

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Graduated High School at Cleveland Heights High School. Did not talk much ... she has seen you & that she wants to get some help 'to get her life together. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Reality Therapy


1
Reality Therapy
  • EDCE 655
  • Theories Techniques II

2
Reality Therapy Founder William Glasser
  • Graduated High School at Cleveland Heights High
    School
  • Did not talk much about his childhood
  • Keeping consistent with not dwelling in the past
  • 1948 Received his MA in Clinical Psych.
  • Worked on Ph.D. but advisors rejected his
    dissertation
  • 1953 Graduated from Med School Case Western
    Reserve
  • Psychiatric Training - UCLA
  • While working here Glasser noted a discrepancy
    between what was being taught (Freudian Model)
    what seemed to work in clinical practice

3
Significant Works by Glasser
  • 1969 Schools without failure
  • Focuses on helping children gain adequate control
    of their education to avoid failure
  • 1973 Behavior The Control of Perception
  • Presents the theoretical basis for the brain as
    an inupt control system
  • 1976 Positive Addictions
  • Depicts how powerful meditations can become both
    strengthening addicting
  • Confirmations of this observation spurred Glasser
    to find out how our brain functions led to the
    control systems theory
  • 1981 Stations of the Mind
  • Relates control theory to the clinical practice
    of reality therapy

4
Reality Therapy Basic Underlying Assumptions
  • Individuals are responsible for what they do
  • Responsible behavior satisfies ones needs
    without preventing others from satisfying theirs
  • The brain works like a control system, acting
    upon itself or the outside world to fulfill some
    intrinsic purpose of the system
  • All behavior is generated internally to fulfill
    needs built into the genetic structure of the
    system
  • People with psychological disorders fail to
    control the world enough to satisfy what they
    want right now
  • People have basic needs
  • To say alive reproduce
  • To belong, socialize, cooperate, love
  • To have power, self-worth, recognition
  • To have fun freedom
  • There are only 2 fundamental ways to control the
    world
  • Perceive (throught the senses) what could satisfy
    needs
  • Act upon or control what one perceives will
    satisfy needs

5
Major Areas of Focus Emphasis
  • Rejection of traditional concepts of mental
    illness
  • Focus on present but will look to the past for
    successful behaviors that might be currently
    useful
  • Deals with clients present level of awareness
    strives to increase awareness

6
Reality Therapy Key Concepts
  • RT attempts to help people control the world
    around them more effectively responsibly to
    better satisfy their needs
  • Counselors ask clients to assess effectiveness of
    current behavior in getting what clients desire
  • Motivation to change comes only from the clients
    judgment that current behavior is not effective
  • Teaches better ways or better behaviors to deal
    with the world
  • All counseling is teaching to the extent that
    teaching leads to fulfillment, it is successful

7
RT Theory of Personality Dev.
  • Personality is the characteristic way in which we
    attempt to control the world to satisfy what we
    desire
  • Fundamental needs which must be satisfied are
    built into the genetic structure
  • A responsible personality satisfies wants without
    interfering with the ability of others to satisfy
    theirs
  • We compare what we want with what we perceive is
    available for need fulfillment
  • We generate behaviors (mixtures of feeling,
    thinking, doing) to control events get needs
    satisfied

8
RT Theory of Personality Constructs
  • Clients must be taught to understand people
    around them do not necessarily perceive the world
    the way they do
  • We cannot control anyone who does not want to be
    controlled
  • One must not let others control them through
    painful feeling behaviors
  • We can help others fulfill their needs congruent
    with our own needs

9
Process of Psychotherapy
  • Role of Counselor
  • To persevere with the client
  • Verbally active sets limits
  • Emphasizes the positive but focuses on
    responsible specific goals
  • Role of Client
  • To accept responsibility for what they do
  • Nature of Interaction
  • Caring
  • Verbally active dialogue
  • Confrontations are used frequently
  • Optimal Conditions / Clients
  • Individuals with any sort of problem from mild
    emotional upset to complete psychotic withdrawal
  • Used successfully in schools, correctional
    facilities, mental hospitals, businesses

10
Mechanisms of Reality Therapy
  • Focus is on individuals behavioral strengths,
    attributes, potentials experiences, current
    attempts to succeed at life
  • Improvement occurs when clients learn to use
    behaviors that are effective feel good
    essentially when they learn to take more
    effective control of their lives
  • Presenting complaint is not significant it is
    an example of the clients attempt to deal with
    the world

11
Procedures that Lead to Change
  • Client is convinced that their present behavior
    is not getting them what they want
  • Client believes that they can choose other
    behaviors that will get them closer to what they
    want
  • WDEP the cluster of strategies developed by
    Glasser Wubbolding
  • W - Wants
  • Explore what the clients wants, needs
    perceptions
  • D - Direction Doing
  • Deal with what client is doing in the present
    explore direction of life
  • E - Evaluation
  • Is the behavior getting client where they want to
    go
  • P - Planning Commitment
  • Explore other possible behaviors formulate an
    action plan

12
Basic Human Needs Motivate Behavior
Acting
Feeling
Basic Needs
Wants
Thinking
Physiology
Basic Needs Belonging Caring Cooperation
Power Gaining recognition, Competing,
Achieving Freedom Choosing Moving
Fun Learning Playing
Survival Feeling Safe
13
2 Lesson of Control Theory
  • Your pictures are yours. You put them in you
    can exchange them, remove them, add new
    pictures. You can also choose to concentrate on
    ones you can satisfy, allot little time
    energy to those you cant satisfy but are not yet
    ready to take out of your head.
  • Whether you directly choose a behavior, such as
    depressing, or make an indirect creative choice,
    such as a psychosomatic illness, you always have
    the option to do or think something more
    satisfying. You have to breathe, but this is ALL
    you absolutely must do. The rest of what you
    choose is up to you whether you feel like it or
    not.

14
Reality Therapy
  • Establish Relationship
  • What do you want?
  • Focus on Current Behavior
  • What are you doing now?
  • Are Current Choices Working
  • Are you getting..?
  • Is what you are doing getting you what you want?
  • Make a Plan (to do better)
  • Get a Commitment
  • Allow No Excuses
  • Reasons for ineffective miserable behavior are
    not accepted
  • No Punishment but permit 2 temporary reasonable
    consequences for behavior
  • Temporarily restrict freedom
  • Temporarily remove privileges
  • Never Give Up

15
Enhancing Efficacy Self Worth
  • What is Self-Efficacy?
  • Way is Self-Efficacy so important in the helping
    relationship?
  • How does Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem,
    Self-Concept, Self-Worth all fit together?
  • How why does Cognitive approaches work
    effectively in this area?
  • What is the concept of Learned Helplessness,
    what can counselors do about it?

16
Glassers 8 Steps of Reality Therapy
  • Make Friends! Ask What do you want? What do you
    really want?
  • Ask What are you doing now? What are you
    choosing to do now?
  • Ask Is it helping or Is it against the rules?
  • Make a plan to get what you want or what you
    really want
  • Get a commitment!
  • Dont accept excuses!
  • Dont punish dont interfere with reasonable
    consequences. Dont criticize!
  • Never give up! Do not confirm the failure
    identity!

17
Janet A Substance Abuser
  • Janet reports that she has always had difficulty
    handling her family her personal life. She says
    that she had a relatively stable marriage until
    she found out her old man was running around
    with other girls. Although she filed for a
    divorce from him, she never appeared in court, so
    she is uncertain about her marital status. She
    reports that after the separation he
    disappeared until quite recently, when he
    reappeared out of nowhere took their son (now
    15) to live with him. She also has 2 girls, ages
    8 10, who still live with her. The client says
    that, once her husband had left, she was forced
    to resort to stealing to support the family her
    drug habit.
  • Janet has been addicted to cocaine for 4 years.
    During this period she has had behavioral
    problems with her 2 daughters, as well as the
    son. Eventually she moved in with her current
    boyfriend, the behavioral problems with the
    children escalated. She reports that she is on
    parole for a theft charge is afraid that she
    will have to go back to prison for parole
    violation because of her drug use.
  • Janet lets her parole officer know that she has
    seen you that she wants to get some help to
    get her life together. A few days later her
    parole officer calls says that her urine test
    is dirty, showing traces of several drugs. The
    parole officer asks about your Tx plan for
    therapy requests that you write your opinion on
    whether the client should be back in prison.

18
Questions for Reflection (Janet A Substance
Abuser)
  • What ethical legal implications does this case
    have?
  • What referrals might you need to make?
  • What type of info. would you provide to the
    parole officer?
  • If Janet wanted to remain in counseling, what
    goals would you see as being important?
  • How would you apply the steps of RT to this case?
  • What interventions would you make why?
  • How would you work with Janet if she avoided
    making an evaluation of her behavior?
  • Do you think you could work with her effectively
    given the fact that she has come to you as a
    stipulation of her parole? Why or why not? How
    could you tie this requirement into a RT
    perspective?
  • Besides RT, what theoretical framework would be
    helpful to you in this case? Are there any
    theoretical approaches that you think would not
    be particularly helpful?
  • Show how your approach in working with Janet form
    a RT perspective would differ from your work with
    her from a person-centered framework.
  • How might you deal with possible manipulation by
    the client? What would you do if you suspected
    that she was using you simply to meet the
    requirement for parole that she was not really
    involved in her counseling?
  • Do you see her as a candidate for
    hospitalization? In your opinion, is Janet a
    suitable candidate for conventional
    psychotherapy? Explain.
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