Promotion of Renewable Energy in Chinese Taipei

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Promotion of Renewable Energy in Chinese Taipei
Bureau Of Energy Ministry Of Economic
Affairs OCT 31, 2005
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Contents
I. Taiwans Energy Situation II. Targets and
Current Status of Renewable Energy Promotion
in Taiwan III. Strategies of Renewable Energy
Promotion in Taiwan IV. Future Perspective
V. Conclusions
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I. Taiwans Energy Situation
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1.Rapid Economic Development

• Taiwan, Republic of China
• Land area 36,190 km2
• Population 22.6 millions
• (Population density 625 per km2, world 2nd
  highest)
• Over the last two decades , the rapid
  economic growth has created substantial changes
  in the economic structure
• GDP rose from US52.4 billion to US295.9
  billion, and per capita GNP increased from
  US2,832 to US13,157, with average annual growth
  rate of 6.
• Now 67 of GDP is from service sectors vs. 48 in
  1983.

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2. Energy Supply Structure

• Due to the shortage of indigenous energy, more
  than 97.9 of total energy supply is imported
• Imported crude oil is the major portion of energy
  supply, and 76.7 of crude oil is from the Middle
  East

134.06 Million KLOE
7.3 1.2 7.4 0.6 51.0 32.5
73.03 Million KLOE
11.9 3.0 4.4 1.2 52.8 26.7
38.1 Million KLOE
16.0 3.9 2.9 59.2 18.0
1984
2004
1994
Dependence of imported energy 88.8
95.3
97.9
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3. Energy Consumption (by Energy forms)

• During 19842004, average annual growth rate of
  energy consumption is 5.9, while the average
  annual growth rate of GDP is 6.2
• Electricitys share increases, oil decreases

107.79
MKLOE
48.4 2.2 39.2 10.2
66.06
MKLOE
42.2 3.8 42.4 11.6
33.97
MKLOE
36.4 3.7 48.1 11.8
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4. Energy Consumption (by Sector)

• The shares of energy consumption in commercial
  and residential sectors increase

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5. Installed Capacity of Electricity Generation

• During 1994-2004 Average Annual Growth Rate
  Total Installed Capacity 3.1, Peak Load
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34,820MW
Hydropower
15 13 30 10 32
Nuclear
Gas-fired
Oil-fired
20,980MW
25 17 6 24 28
Coal-fired
1994
2004
Ratio of reserved capacity 4.8
20.2
Peak Load(MW) 18,610

23,530 of IPP 0

17 of Cogeneration 8
17.7
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II. Targets and Current Status of Renewable
Energy Promotion in Taiwan
Background for Development of RE

• Renewable energies are clean and can be harvested
  domestically.
• It is particularly important for Taiwan for the
  following reasons
• Taiwan is heavily depended on importation of
  energy supply.
• Environmental concerns and global warming issues.
• Aid in the establishment of new domestic
  industry.
• Renewable energy can play a role to assist
  government in the achievement of policy targets
  for a secure, clean, and sustainable energy
  supply system.

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Targets and Current Status
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Renewable Potentials Opportunities
High solar irradiation in most areas (Solar
Collectors, Solar PV)
Windy west coast areas (Wind Farm)
Geothermal Energy
Off shore islands (Distributed Electricity)
Agricultural,Feedstock, Municipal Industrial
wastes (RDF)
Small Hydro
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III. Strategies of Renewable Energy Promotion in
Taiwan
? The renewable energies shall contribute 10,
in terms of installed capacity by 2010. ?
Wind technology is relatively mature and will be
the major renewable energy in the near term.
Meanwhile, the government shall continue to
promote other renewables such as geothermal,
biomass and hydropower to utilize renewable
resources in all aspects. ? Solar photovoltaic
(PV) has great potential in Taiwan. The
promotion of PV shall focus on strengthening RD
capability and developing related industries
for cost reduction.
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Incentives for Renewable Energies in Taiwan
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Promotion Targets and Strategies
? Wind Power Targets 2,159 MW
by 2010.
Strategies To remove obstacles for the
projects in progress. To locate potential wind
sites. To review incentive measures for
enhancing the development of wind energy.
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Achievement of Wind Energy Promotion
Commercial system
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Promotion Targets and Strategies
? Solar Photovoltaic Targets 21 MW by
2010.

• Strategies
• To promote the demonstration projects including
• the Solar City, and the public buildings.
• To establish solar PV system for remote areas.
• To develop PV industries.

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Promotions of Solar PV Systems
With 91 Demonstration Systems -- Total installed
capacity 785 kW(Oct, 2005)
Ching Yuan Univ of Tech 4 kW
Presidential Hall 10.5kW
A household 4.2 kW
Chin-Yi Institute of Tech 3 kW
Penghu County Hall 3 kW
Southern Taiwan U. of Tech 10 kW
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? Solar City In Taiwan (2004-2007)

• To integrate photovoltaic solar system with
  architecture and weave the beautiful city with
  technology and architecture design
• Solar technology will imbed with urban design and
  reveal local characteristics in city entrance,
  architecture, main path and public space to
  create an exquisite solar city.

Base on Kaven Lynchs concept about city Image.
The 5 elements are
e. architecture(districts)
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(No Transcript)
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• ? Biomass
• Targets 741 MW by 2010.
• Strategies
• To promote the district RDF (Refuse Derived
  Fuel)
• system for waste treatment and power
  generation.
• To assist the sale of biogas power in a premium
  rate.
• To assist private enterprises in establishing
  power
• plants fueled by agricultural wastes such as
  rice
• husk.
• To promote industrial waste RDF-fueled power
• generation , especially in paper mills.

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Biomass Energy Application
Biomass Energy in 2004 545 MW
Achievements of biomass energy RD and promotion,
1999-2004

• Biogas power generation demonstration
• RDF demonstration plant for MSW
• Co-utilization of RDF in industrial boilers and
  cement kilns
• Demonstration plant for fast pyrolysis of mixed
  plastic wastes
• Combustion of synthetic liquid fuel and pollution
  control
• Feasibility assessment of co-firing and
  re-burning of syngas in industrial boilers
• Waste gasification demonstration plant
• Feasibility assessment of gasification of RDF
  from paper reject
• Moving granular bed filter (MGBF) demonstration
  system for high temperature gas-cleaning
• Bio-diesel demonstration plant

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Biogas Utilization

• Resources of Biogas in Taiwan
• Pasturage Sewerage-- pig farms mostly
• Household Sewerage-- urban waste water treatment
  plant
• MSW-- land-fill sites mostly
• Industrial Sewerage-- waste water from food,
  texture,etc. industries

? Potential for biogas utilization in
Taiwan 69 ? 103 m3/year (0.230.34
MKOLE)
Purification ? Storage ?
Generation

• 160 kWe biogas power generation system at
  Shing-Shi Plant, Uni-President
• Enterprises Corp., Tainan (Technology developed
  by ITRI)

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Densified Refuse Derived Fuel
? First RDF-5 Demo Plant for MSW in Taiwan
(Fengbin, Hualien)
Treatment capacity 1,000 kg/hr MSW
Waste
RDF

• ? Potential for RDF utilization in Taiwan
• 15 of MSW converted into the RDF can be the
  substitute for 350,000 tonnes of coal
  approximately.
• The total of electricity generation can reach
  about 145 MW with an amount of carbon dioxide
  reduction of 980 thousand tonnes.

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Waste Liquefaction Technology
? Fast Pyrolysis System for Plastic Wastes

• Fast pyrolysis
• Thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of
  oxygen at moderate temperature and short
  residence time to give high yields of syn-oils by
  rapid cooling of the pyrolysis vapors.
• Characteristics
• Operating at very high heating rates and rapid
  cooling of the vapors
• Avoiding secondary cracking.
• Production
• 75 liquid oil, 15 syngas and 10 char

• ? Potential for syn-oils from plastic wastes
• 100 kt/yr plastics wastes to be recovered in
  Taiwan
• Estimated 15 of plastic wastes to be processed
  by pyrolysis
• Energy potential would be 0.15 MKLOE

50 kg/hr fast pyrolysis Reactor at ITRI
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Waste Gasification Technology

• Gasification Process
• Conversion of carbonaceous feedstock, e.g.
  waste, by partial oxidation at elevated
  temperature into syngas (e.g. H2, CO, CH4, etc.)
  for thermal utilization or power generation
• Advantages
• Wide range waste application
• Low pollution emissions
• High energy efficiency
• More flexibility in recovering energy

• ? Potential for waste gasification
• 3 m tonne/yr organic wastes in Taiwan
• Estimated 480 MWe generated by gasification of
  organic wastes
• Energy potential would be 0.95 MKLOE

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Bio-diesel Technology

• Advantages of Bio-diesel
• Renewable energy
• Safe to handle and transport
• Biodegradable
• Can be used alone or mixed in any ratio with
  petroleum diesel fuel
• More eco-friendly and lower pollution
• Improving the image of Diesel cars

3,000 kl/yr Bio-diesel demo plant in Chiayi BOE
Project.Tech. developed by ITRI
? Potential for Bio-diesel Utilization in
Taiwan Demand for Diesel fuel in public and
cargo transportation is around 1.6 m kiloliter.
It is estimated that potential for bio-diesel
utilization in Taiwan could be 0.32 m kiloliter
per annum.
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? Hydropower
Targets 2,168MW by 2010.
Strategies To promote 5 hydropower
generation projects of Tai-power Company,
with total installed capacity of 171MW.
To promote 6 hydropower generation projects of
private sector,with total installed capacity
of 72MW. To provide private sector the
information for small hydro power
generation if no impact on ecological
environment.
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Hydro Power

• Current status 1,911 MW of hydropower
  developed.
• Potential The remaining sites are mostly
  located in the
• remote areas or in the
  nature conservation areas,
• with limited capacity and
  economic feasibility
• (small hydro has a
  potential of 300 MW).

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? Geothermal
Targets 50 MW by 2010.
Strategies To assist local government in
exploring geothermal energy. To assist
local government in developing the geothermal
project in aspects of finance and technology.
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Geothermal Utilization
Target and Plans for Geothermal Utilization

• 50 MW by 2010

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Geothermal Park

• Taiwan lies on major geological fault-lines along
  the Pacific Rim, and has abundant geothermal
  resources. A comprehensive exploration
  estimates the total potential at up to 1,000 MW.
  However, most of the resources located in remote
  areas and that makes them difficult to be
  developed.
• Economically and technically feasible potential
  will be about 150 MW.
• A BOT project at Chin-Suei will be developed that
  aims at the integration of geothermal energy
  usage with recreational facilities.

3MW, single flash type, Chin-Suei (1981-1992)
Chin-Suei multipurpose geothermal BOT Project
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Promotion of Solar water heater(SWH)
Subsidy for SWH
Subsidy means are based upon collector area NT
Dollars per square meter
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Achievement of Promotion
8th largest market in the world
Source Sun in Action II A Solar Thermal
Strategy for Europe, ESTIF, 2003.
3rd largest country by inst. density
10th largest country by inst. area
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IV. Future Perspective
1. Building Up the Framework for Renewable Energy
Development ? Accelerating the enactment
of Renewable Energy Development Law
to establish a sustainable environment. ?
Adjusting the premium tariffs for renewable
energies and rationalizing prices of
fossil fuels by counting their external costs.
? Removing the obstacles in grid connection
and power transmission to promote the
power generation from renewables. 2. Assisting
the Development in Renewable Energy Industries
? Enlarging the renewable energy market to
encourage related industries and improve
technology capability. 3. Strengthening RD
? Accomplishing the targets by improving
renewable energy technologies
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V. Conclusions

• The advantages of developing renewable energy
  include
• Less dependence on fossil energy
• Increase of indigenous energy supply and the use
  of clean energy
• Enhance of the national energy security
• Promotion of related industries and development
  of technology
• Providing incentives and measures to develop
  renewable energy.
• Establishing the inter-ministerial co-ordination
  mechanism for the development of renewable
  energy.

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Thank You For Your Attention