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Academic Leadership Followership: How to Change Engineering Education

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Title: Academic Leadership Followership: How to Change Engineering Education


1
Academic Leadership / Followership How to Change
Engineering Education
  • Leadership is Not the Problem!

2
About This Leadership Session
  • This special session is on Leadership in
    Academia.
  • Two keynotes and three responders will look back
    and look forward to identify opportunities lost
    and opportunities to be seized.
  • The goal is to transition Systems Engineering to
    the status of an indispensable profession.
  • I (Wolt Fabrycky) hereby conjecture that Systems
    Engineering could be first among the engineering
    family to achieve full professional status, akin
    to architecture, law, and even medicine.

3
Change Engineering Education !
  • There is nothing new about that statement.
  • Calls for change appear continuously - it is the
    only constant!
  • Change is usually expressed in terms of
    requirements for what the engineering graduate
    must be able to do.
  • Change emphasizes knowledge as power.
  • Knowledge as virtue is rarely mentioned.

4
Leadership Has Been Consistent
  • Some sources of leadership
  • ABET - Engineering Accreditation
  • ASEE - Numerous Studies
  • NAE - Forums / Working Groups
  • NRC - Board on Engineering Education
  • NSF - Centers / Grants / Workshops
  • NSPE - Professional Policy No. 104
  • Private Foundations - Fellowships / Grants

5
Some Major Studies
  • ECPD Formed in 1932.
  • Grinter Report of 1955 resulted in ECPD
    prescriptive criteria.
  • Goals of Engineering Education in 1970s led to
    Professional Schools concept.
  • Green Report, 1998.
  • ABET Outcomes Criteria 2000
  • And Many Minor Ones

6
Followership is Minimal Because
  • Academia reacts to internal more than to external
    voices.
  • Academia is not customer and bottom-line driven,
    as is industry.
  • Academia is expected to be the promulgator of the
    body of systematic knowledge.
  • Recommendations for change in engineering
    education are usually extensive and all inclusive
    and this is the biggest impediment to
    followership!

7
Engineering Discipline Structure
  • Discipline focus provides essential bedrock -
    this is both desirable and necessary.
  • Advances the body of systematic knowledge.
  • Provides a foundation for the interdisciplines.
  • Disciplines couples engineering education to the
    engineering and basic sciences.
  • Disciplines are necessary, but no longer
    sufficient.
  • Preserve the discipline structure, but overlay
    with key interdisciplines !

8
A Better Balance Must be Achieved
  • Between the disciplines and interdisciplines.
  • Both the warp and the woof, as in cloth.
  • Encourage tenured senior faculty to elect dual
    affiliation (discourage for beginners).
  • Interdisciplinary growth path for faculty.
  • Research balance is needed too.
  • Publish / practice and prosper!

9
Consider the Continuum
  • With bracketing pairs of words or phrases
  • Research / Development
  • Analysis / Synthesis
  • Depth / Breadth
  • Specialists / Generalists
  • Words on the left describe Specialty or Domain
    Engineering.
  • Words on the right describes General or Systems
    Engineering.

10
Systems Engineering is Evolving as an
Interdiscipline in Academia
  • But, acceleration thereof requires a dual track
    degree structure with
  • Preparation for Teaching and Research - the MS /
    PhD (Academia, Research, Labs, ...).
  • Preparation for Professional Practice - the MEng
    / DEng (Industry, Government, ...).
  • Equivalency is the desideratum - relevant factors
    need to be identified and evaluated.

11
Systems Engineering Centric Programs
  • There are 51 distinct degree programs at the
    basic and advanced level in the Systems
    Engineering Centric group (Category I).
  • Included are only those programs where the major
    is designated as Systems Engineering.
  • These SE Programs are offered by 34 institutions.
  • The current count by program level is
  • BS MS PhD
  • Program count 11 31 9 Total 51

12
Domain Centric SE Programs
  • There are 73 distinct degree programs in the
    Domain Centric Systems Engineering group
    (Category II). These programs are at the basic
    or advanced level with the major designated as X
    and Systems Engineering, Systems and X
    Engineering, etc.
  • These Programs are offered by 38 institutions
    (some duplicate the Category I institutions).
  • The offerings exist across several engineering
    domains, summarized as follows

13
Domain Centric SE Programs
14
SE Exists Mainly at the Advanced Level Within
Academic Institutions
  • Of the 51 programs in the SE Centric group
  • Only 11, or 22, exist at the basic level.
  • Thus, 78 are advanced level programs.
  • This 3 out of 4 ratio also applies to the Domain
    Centric SE group of 73 programs.
  • -------------
  • This pattern is quite similar to that found
    among the recognized professions of architecture,
    law, and medicine.

15
Immediate INCOSE Objectives
  • Continue to encourage adoption of professional
    attributes within SE Centric and Domain Centric
    SE programs at the basic and advanced levels.
  • Continue efforts to attain participating body
    status within ABET and begin preparation for
    INCOSE participation in SE accreditation
    activity.
  • Support certification and licensing initiatives
    as they may relate to the SE academic enterprise.
  • ____________
  • Attainment of these objectives will make INCOSE
  • a good follower, but not an outstanding leader.

16
Academic Leadership An Important INCOSE Goal
  • Adoption of the following objectives will help
    INCOSE emerge as a recognized leader among
    professional engineering societies worldwide
  • Initiate an effort to establish SE as an
    international interdiscipline, with preparation
    for professional practice attained via study at
    the advanced level.
  • Begin developing a means to provide worldwide
    INCOSE certification of noteworthy professional
    academic programs in Systems Engineering.
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