The Public Land Survey System GIS Framework:

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The Public Land Survey System GIS Framework

• How it applies to Surveyors, Assessors, Recorders
  and the general public

Lorraine Wright, IDEM and IGIC Geodetic Workgroup
Co-Chair Gary Kent, The Schneider Corporation
IGIC GIS Conference - March 13, 2007
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The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) Legal or
GIS Framework

• Legal PLSS
• Based on law and the original PLSS
• A PLSS corner location is represented by a
  monument or marker in the ground
• Laws changed over time and so did the boundaries
• Boundaries, deeds, and parcel descriptions are
  based on PLSS corner locations
• Only Licensed Surveyors can define Legal
  coordinates for the PLSS corners

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PLSS Framework Legal or GIS

• GIS PLSS Framework
• Few Legal coordinates exist
• What is needed to get Legal coordinates?
• Work with the surveying community
• Work with the County Surveyor to develop a plan
  to get Legal coordinates when the corners are
  perpetuated

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PLSS Framework Legal or GIS

• GIS PLSS Framework
• Create a way to identify all PLSS corners
  state-wide graphically
• Tie Card Pilot Project
• Grid points represent approximate corner
  locations
• Points cannot be used for legal purposes
• County Surveyor public records for three counties
  were scanned and linked to Grid points

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Web Based - Tie Card Project
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PLSS Framework Legal or GIS

• GIS PLSS Framework
• The implementation of County legal requirements
  can affect the creation and accuracy of a GIS
  PLSS Framework by
• Surveyors
• Assessors
• Recorders
• Resulting implementation of requirements can then
  affect the Property Owner

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Gary R. Kent Director, Integrated ServicesThe
Schneider Corporation

• What you need to know about surveying and the
  Legal PLSS

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The Public Land Survey System GIS Framework

• Overview of some of the Assessor and Recorder
  requirements
• Overview and demonstration of the Tie Card Project

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PLSS Framework Legal or GIS

• GIS PLSS Framework
• The implementation of County legal requirements
  can affect the creation and accuracy of a GIS
  PLSS Framework by
• Surveyors
• Assessors
• Recorders
• Resulting implementation of requirements can then
  affect the Property Owner

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County Assessor

• Countywide equalization
• Select and maintain a county wide computer system
• Certify gross assessments
• Discover omitted property
• Requirements by Law, IC 36-2-15

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Assessor

• Calculates the assessed value of all real
  property in each taxing district.
• Calculates the total assessed value of each
  taxing district.
• Listed on Hendricks County Assessor website

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Recorder

• Records
• Deeds for real estate
• Mortgages on real estate
• Affidavit recording in miscellaneous records
  record as prima facie evidence
•      An affidavit that        (1) concerns the
  birth, marriage, death, name, residence,
  identity, or relationship of any of the parties
  named in an instrument affecting real property
• Required by Law, IC 36-2-11

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Environmental Restrictive Covenant

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Questions?

• Miscellaneous Records - Are these files searched
  when properties are sold or when title searches
  are done?
• Are all Environmental Notices/Environmental
  Restrictive Covents and deed restrictions
  recorded in the County Recorders office?
• How does a property owner know if there are
  Environmental Notices/Environmental Restrictive
  Covenants, deed restrictions, or liens associated
  with a property of interest?
• How does the prospective property owner know all
  the information they need before considering a
  property purchase?

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What you need to know

• Cadastral (parcel) GIS layers should be tied to
  surveyed PLSS section corners (surveyed by
  licensed surveyors)
• When the parcel boundaries are tied to PLSS
  section corners the parcel boundaries and lot
  lines may not fit together nicely (that is
  reality)
• Parcel measurements from a Cadastral GIS map
  (parcel layer) should not be used for a legal
  boundary or property line interpretations

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What you need to Know(cont.)

• Need mechanism for cross referencing all data
  sources by geography (GIS)
• Need Legal PLSS Corner coordinates so we are all
  working from the same framework
• 2005 Aerial Orthophotography - based on limited
  number of Legal PLSS corners
• Deeds define geography measured from Legal PLSS
  corners
• Parcels are defined by deeds and should relate
  to Legal PLSS corners
• Addresses relate to parcels

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What you need to know(cont)

• The Surveyor, Assessor and the Recorder are
  dealing with requirements that are based on the
  fundamental Public Land Survey System (PLSS)
• Counties need to develop a plan so that when
  section corners are perpetuated the Surveyor will
  be able to collect a Legal coordinate at the same
  time. This will require an additional cost, but
  if the coordinate is collected at the same time
  the corner is perpetuated, it will actually save
  money.
• County Offices need to work together to develop
  a plan so that their GIS system can be based on
  the Legal coordinates

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What you need to know(cont)

• Tax and property evaluations relate to parcels
  and structures on the parcels
• Property restrictions and Institutional Controls
• May apply to the entire parcel or a subset of a
  parcel and that is defined by geography
  (measured from Legal PLSS corner)
• Need the Legal PLSS framework so all data can
  be related across
• Local
• County
• State
• Federal
• Private groups

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IGIC Geodetic Workgroup Goals

• Develop a Geodetic GIS Framework Layer based on
  Surveying information
• Wanted coordinates state-wide
• Found most Geodetic coordinates are housed at the
  National Geodetic Survey (NGS)
• Develop a GIS PLSS Framework based on surveying
  information (Legal coordinates)
• Legal coordinates were not available so we set
  out to develop a product that would be beneficial
  to citizens, and both the Surveying and GIS
  community

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IGIC Geodetic Workgroupworked with Surveying
community

• Participants
• Indiana Geographic Information Council (IGIC
  members federal, state, county, local, private)
• Indiana Society of Professional Land Surveyors
  (ISPLS)
• Office of the Indiana State Geodetic Advisor
• Indiana County Surveyors Association
• Private Companies
• Indiana Geological Survey

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Planning for Legal PLSS Coordinates

• Draft document Discussion Paper for Developing
  a Strategy for Collecting Surveyed (Legal)
  Coordinates for the PLSS corners, state-wide -
  February 8, 2006
• Posted on IGIC website/Committees/
• Geodetic Workgroup/ Meeting Minutes February 8,
  2006

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Specifications for Legal PLSS Coordinates

• There are no State mandated accuracy requirements
  for collecting (legal) coordinates for
  Perpetuated Corners
• A standardized minimum accuracy requirement would
  be needed for collecting coordinates for
  Perpetuated Corners, if a state-wide initiative
  moves forward. This would assure a type of
  quality control for the Legal coordinates

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Tie Card Pilot ProjectGIS Framework Layer

• Process for combing County Tie Cards into a
  statewide system (voluntary participation)
• A Tie Card is a scanned image of a Countys
  Public Land Survey System Corner Description (how
  to find the marker or monument)

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1. Develop a Statewide File Naming Convention

• Surveyors might describe a Public Land Survey
  Section corner as the NE corner, NW 1/4, SE1/4,
  Section 03,T23N, R06W
• Different Counties have different corner naming
  conventions for the corners
• Needed a way to link different data together

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1. Develop a Statewide File Naming Convention
(cont)

• Statewide naming convention
• IN02_T23NR06E03_08
• Computer File Name will include (example)
• State Name and Principal Meridian IN02
• Township number - T23
• Township direction N
• Range number R06
• Range direction E
• Section 03
• Grid Number 08 (Grid numbering system begins
  with 00 in upper left hand of section and ends in
  80, bottom right corner)

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2. Develop a GRID Point GIS Layer (cont)

• The Grid Point GIS layer (developed for the
  project by Brian Wood) was computer generated
  using the GIS section boundary layer (developed
  by IGS)
• Each point is named with the state-wide naming
  convention

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Bartholomew Co. IN02_T9NR5E (sections
1-36) Computer generated Grid Points in
Section 36
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Grid Points for a section Bartholomew Co.
IN02_T9NR5E36 Sections are 1 mile by 1 mile
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Grid Points showing approximate locations
of Original 8 PLSS Corners and Center
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3. Develop the Renaming Software

• Tie Card Renaming Software (created by Brian
  Wood, Paul I. Cripe)
• Created to aid in viewing the scanned Tie Cards,
  while renaming the Card with the state-wide
  naming convention
• Creates a database in the background with the
  entry of key elements from the scanned Tie Card

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Tie Card Renaming Software (created by Brian
Wood, Paul I. Cripe)
Lorraine Wright, 3/13/07
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4. Create a Geographic Information System
(GIS) Tie Card Layer

• Link the Grid Point layer to the database
  (created after using the renaming software)

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5. Bartholomew County - Click on Grid Point and
the Tie Card pops up

• Section 20. T9NR5E, Second Principal Meridian
  Grid Points, Bartholomew Co.

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6. Scanned Tie Card pops up when you click on
the point
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7. Create a website to provide easy access to
Tie Card ProjectIGS is hosting the Tie Card
Layer
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8. Disclaimer added to inform the public of use
restrictions
Metadata file available for the Tie Card Layer
also includes use restrictions
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9. Tools added to make it easy to search
(IGS)

• Zoom to County, location or area
• Enter the Township, Range and Section
• Use the identify tool to click on the Corner of
  interest
• The Tie Card pops up
• Print the document

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Tie Card Project on the Web

• The IGS website contains many state-wide GIS
  layers
• Tie Card Project is create by the user by turning
  on a minimum 4 GIS layers
• Landsurvey - Sections
• Landsurvey - Township
• Surveyor - Tie Cards
• Aerial Photos 2005

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Scroll to the bottom and click on the map
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Live Demo
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Conclusions

• The Tie Card Pilot Project
• Three County Tie Card Layers are complete and in
  maintenance
• 23 Counties are interested in or are currently
  participating
• Looking at ways to link to County Tie Card
  information that is already online
• The project has no financial support
• The project is a result of public and private
  volunteers working toward a common and beneficial
  goal for the State of Indiana
• Need staff and financial support to complete the
  project

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Conclusions(cont)

• Legal coordinates for PLSS corners
• All levels of government and the private sector
  need to work together to develop a plan to
  collect Legal coordinates for all the PLSS
  corners
• This is needed so that all other GIS information
  can be linked together using the Legal PLSS
  corner coordinates benefiting the Surveying
  community and citizens
• If we dont begin planning, we are just
  prolonging what will eventually become a necessity

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Conclusion

• Local, County, State, and Federal Cooperation
• County Surveyors, Assessors and Recorders can
  begin planning or continue to plan on ways to
  link information geographically while meeting
  their legal requirements
• Local, County, State, and Federal agencies need
  to work together to help achieve common goals for
  their own organizations while at the same time
  working toward common goals that benefit Indiana
• All levels of government need to share their data
  because we are all dealing with the same
  geography

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Geodetic Control Workgroup
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www.igic.org
http//www.in.gov/igic/committees/geodetic.html
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Lorraine Wright

• Indiana Department of
• Environmental Management
• and
• Indiana Geographic Information Council
• [phone]
• lwright_at_idem.IN.gov

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• The Public Land Survey System GIS Framework for
  Indiana
• IGIC
• Indianapolis, Indiana
• March 13, 2007

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• The U.S. Public Land Survey System

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• The U.S. Public Land Survey System

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• The U.S. Public Land Survey System

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• The U.S. Public Land Survey System

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Section Corners
An Existent Corner is one whose position can be
identified by verifying the evidence of the
monument, or its accessories, by reference to the
description that is contained in the field notes,
or where the point can be located by acceptable
supplemental survey record, some physical
evidence or testimony. Existent corners cannot
be disturbed or moved.
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Section Corners
An Obliterated Corner is one at whose point there
are no remaining traces of the monument, or its
accessories, but whose location has been
perpetuated, or the point for which may be
recovered beyond reasonable doubt, by the acts
and testimony of the interested landowners,
competent surveyors, or other qualified local
authorities, or witnesses, or by some acceptable
record evidence.
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Section Corners
A Lost Corner is a point of a survey whose
position cannot be determined, beyond reasonable
doubt, either from traces of the original marks
or from acceptable evidence or testimony that
bears upon the original position, and whose
location can be restored only by reference to one
or more interdependent corners.
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Public Land Survey Issues

• When were your original surveys?
• Tiffins Instructions 1816
• Instructions 1833, 1850, 1855, 1871, 1881,
  1890, 1894, 1902, 1930, 1947, 1973
• What were your original
• monuments?
• Wood Posts, Stones, mounds, etc.
• Closing Corners

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Section Corners
Out of the /-100,000 original corners in
Indiana, how many are existent (i.e. properly
perpetuated and referenced)? 15-20? How many
of those have state plane coordinates associated
with their locations? 30 (15-20)? 5 of
the total What can be Done?!
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What impact does this lack of documented corners
have?

• Uncertain reference monuments

• Conflicting reference monuments

• Indeterminate reference
• monuments

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Section Corners
What are the current Laws and Regulations
regarding perpetuation of public land survey
corners in Indiana?
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• IC 36-2-12-11 - County Surveyors Statute
• Administration of section maintenance of corner
  record book
• contents of record procedure for establishment
  and perpetuation of corners    
• Sec. 11. (a) The surveyor shall administer this
  section if the surveyor is registered as a land
  surveyor under IC 25-21.5. If the surveyor is not
  registered, the surveyor shall, with the approval
  of the county executive, appoint a person who is
  registered as a land surveyor and is a resident
  voter of the county to administer this section.
  If a resident, registered land surveyor is not
  available, a land surveyor who resides in another
  county may be employed.     (b) The surveyor
  shall keep and maintain a corner record book,
  that must contain        (1) a record and an
  index by location of all the original government
  survey corners        (2) outline maps of each
  section, grant, tract, and subdivision or group
  of sections, grants, tracts, and subdivisions in
  the county showing the location of each corner on
  record and stating at the location of each corner
  on the map where the reference for that corner
  may be found and        (3) a reference index
  for each corner.A separate card index system may
  be used in lieu of the index required by
  subdivision (3).   

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•      (c) The record of each corner referenced in
  the record book must contain        (1) the
  location of the corner        (2) an accurate
  description of the monument used to mark the
  corner such as "stone" or "iron pin"        (3)
  the distance and bearings from the corner to
  three (3) or more permanent objects or
  structures        (4) the date the corner was
  last checked and the condition of the monument
  and references        (5) the name of the
  surveyor making the check and        (6) the
  method of establishing or relocating the
  corner.     (d) The records of the corners shall
  be established and perpetuated in the following
  manner        (1) Each year the surveyor shall
  check and reference at least five percent (5) of
  all corners shown in the corner record
  book.        (2) The surveyor may enter in the
  surveyor's corner record book the findings
  submitted by a private land surveyor who checks
  and references corners and is registered under
  IC 25-21.5.     (e) Any money in the county
  surveyor's corner perpetuation fund collected
  under IC 36-2-7-10 or IC 36-2-19 may be
  appropriated in the manner provided by law for
  the purposes of this section.
• As added by Acts 1980, P.L.212, SEC.1. Amended by
  P.L.342-1983, SEC.2 P.L.76-1989, SEC.2
  P.L.23-1991, SEC.35.

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• 865 IAC 1-12-30 Section corner perpetuation
• Sec. 30. (a) This section outlines the
  procedures and requirements for registered land
  surveyors when perpetuating the location of
  original public land survey or grant corners. As
  used in this section, grant means a
  subdivision, parcel, or tract of land that
  existed, or the parent tract of which existed,
  prior to the commencement of the United States
  Public Land Survey adjoining such subdivision,
  parcel, or tract.
• (b) The purported location of an original public
  land survey or grant corner as referenced by the
  county surveyor of the county in which the corner
  exists is prima facie evidence of that corners
  location. The registered land surveyors
  responsibility with regard to the use of or need
  for original public land survey corners or grant
  corners in association with an original or
  retracement survey is not met by merely
  contacting the county surveyor.
• (c) If the
• (1) location of an original public land survey or
  grant corner is not monumented and referenced by
  the county surveyor in accordance with Indiana
  Code 36-2-12 or
• (2) registered land surveyor discovers evidence,
  or otherwise has reason to believe, that a
  monument purporting to mark the location of an
  original public land survey or grant corner is
  not in the proper location
• and if that corner is necessary for purposes of
  conducting an original, retracement, or route
  survey as defined in this rule, the registered
  land surveyor shall contact the county surveyor
  and perpetuate that corners location in
  accordance with this section if the county
  surveyor is unable to perpetuate the corner in
  the time frame required by the registered land
  surveyor.

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• (d) A registered land surveyor shall perpetuate
  the location of an original public land survey or
  grant corner by gathering evidence that may
  assist in determining the original location of
  that corner. This evidence includes, but is not
  limited to, the following
• (1) Copies of
• (A) The original public land survey field notes
  and plat or transcribed copies of same.
• (B) Deeds and plats that reference the location
  of the corner.
• (C) Historic survey records, road, street,
  highway, and bridge plans, corner records,
  recorded surveys and other relevant information
  from the county surveyor, county recorder or
  other county, state and municipal offices.
• (D) Current or historic aerial photographs.
• (E) Records from private surveyors who practice
  or used to practice in the vicinity of the
  corner.
• (2) Parol evidence from knowledgeable landowners
  or others who may have information relating to
  the corner.
• (3) The field location of
• (A) Fences.
• (B) Walls.
• (C) Roadways.
• (D) Survey markers.
• (E) Tree lines.
• (F) Other lines of possession.
• (G) Interrelated or nearby section corners,
  quarter section corners, quarter-quarter corners,
  or other aliquot corner of a section, and corners
  of common report.

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• (e) After evaluating and weighing the evidence
  outlined in subsection (d), the registered land
  surveyor shall do the following
• (1) Apply appropriate theory of location to
  determine the probable locations of the corner.
• (2) Excavate or otherwise determine if there is a
  subsurface monument in those locations unless, in
  the registered land surveyors opinion, there is
  no substantial possibility of
• (A) a corner stone or
• (B) other historical survey monument
• being found in those locations. Examples of such
  situations include, but are not limited to,
  corner locations that fall in concrete highways,
  in areas where other excavations have previously
  taken place, such as, for culverts or sewers, or
  in areas of substantial cut or fill, such as, for
  interstate highway overpasses or underpasses.
• Before excavating, the registered land surveyor
  shall notify the appropriate jurisdictional
  agencies.
• (f) If, as a result of the corner investigation
• (1) a corner stone
• (2) historical survey monument or
• (3) other evidence
• is found marking the corner, the registered land
  surveyor shall remonument and reference the
  corner if necessary to facilitate its recovery by
  other surveyors.

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• (g) If, after excavating or otherwise
  conducting subsurface investigations of the
  probable locations outlined in subsection (e), a
  corner stone, historical survey monument, or
  other evidence of the corner is not found, the
  registered land surveyor shall do the following
• (1) Establish the location of the corner
• (A) based on the best available evidence and
• (B) in accordance with procedures for lost or
  obliterated corners outlined in or authorized by
  the United States Code in 43 U.S.C. 751, 43
  U.S.C. 752, and 43 U.S.C. 753, which are hereby
  incorporated by reference.
• (2) Monument that location.
• (h) If the corner was perpetuated for use on an
  original, retracement or route survey, the
  registered land surveyor shall do the following
• (1) Describe and reference the monument in such a
  manner that facilitates its recovery by other
  surveyors.
• (2) Document the following
• (A) The chain of history of the corner to the
  best of his or her knowledge.
• (B) The evidence found and weighed.
• (C) The search area or areas.
• (D) The theory of location applied in
  re-establishing the corner.
• (E) Other relevant information regarding the
  perpetuation of the corner in the surveyors
  report or on the plat of survey, or both.
• (3) Provide a copy of the surveyors report and
  plat of survey to the county surveyor.

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• How can these corners be perpetuated
  collaboratively in support of State and Local GIS
  Activities and Goals?
• From the Indiana Code
• Sec. 11. (a) The surveyor shall administer this
  section if the surveyor is registered as a land
  surveyor under IC 25-21.5. If the surveyor is not
  registered, the surveyor shall, with the approval
  of the county executive, appoint a person who is
  registered as a land surveyor and is a resident
  voter of the county to administer this section.
  If a resident, registered land surveyor is not
  available, a land surveyor who resides in another
  county may be employed.

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• NCEES Model Rule defining Practice of Surveying
• 4. Practice of Surveying The term Practice of
  Surveying, within the intent of this Act, shall
• mean providing, or offering to provide,
  professional services using such sciences as
  mathematics, geodesy, and photogrammetry, and
  involving both (1) the making of geometric
  measurements and gathering related information
  pertaining to the physical or legal features of
  the earth, improvements on the earth, the space
  above, on, or below the earth and (2) providing,
  utilizing, or developing the same into survey
  products such as graphics, data, maps, plans,
  reports, descriptions, or projects. Professional
  services include acts of consultation,
  investigation, testimony evaluation, expert
  technical testimony, planning, mapping,
  assembling, and interpreting gathered
  measurements and information related to any one
  or more of the following

NCEES -National Council of Examiners for
Engineers and Surveyors
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• a. Determining by measurement the configuration
  or contour of the earths surface or the position
  of fixed objects thereon.
• b. Determining by performing geodetic surveys the
  size and shape of the earth or the position of
  any point on the earth.
• c. Locating, relocating, establishing,
  reestablishing, or retracing property lines or
  boundaries of any tract of land, road, right of
  way, or easement.
• d. Making any survey for the division,
  subdivision, or consolidation of any tract(s) of
  land.
• e. Locating or laying out alignments, positions,
  or elevations for the construction of fixed
  works.
• f. Determining, by the use of principles of
  surveying, the position for any survey monument
  (boundary or non-boundary) or reference point
  establishing or replacing any such monument or
  reference point.
• g. Creating, preparing, or modifying electronic
  or computerized or other data, relative to the
  performance of the activities in the above
  described items a. through f.
• Any person shall be construed to practice or
  offer to practice surveying, within the meaning
  and intent of this Act, who engages in surveying
  or who by verbal claim, sign, advertisement,
  letterhead, card, or in any other way represents
  themselves to be a professional surveyor, through
  the use of some other title implies that they are
  able to perform, or who does perform any
  surveying service or work or any other service
  designated by the practitioner which is
• recognized as surveying.

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• 210.25 Inclusions and Exclusions of Surveying
  Practice
• A. Activities Included within Surveying Practice
  Activities that must be accomplished under the
  responsible charge of a professional surveyor
  (unless specifically exempted in Section B on the
  next page) include, but are not limited to, the
  following
• 1. The creation of maps and georeferenced
  databases representing authoritative locations
  for boundaries, the location of fixed works, or
  topography. This includes maps and georeferenced
  databases prepared by any person, firm, or
  government agency where that data is provided to
  the public as a survey product.
• 2. Original data acquisition, or the resolution
  of conflicts between multiple data sources, when
  used for the authoritative location of features
  within the following data themes
• geodetic control, orthoimagery, elevation and
  hydrographic, fixed works, private and public
  boundaries, and cadastral information.
• 3. Certification of positional accuracy of maps
  or measured survey data.
• 4. Adjustment or authoritative interpretation of
  raw survey data.
• 5. Geographic Information System (GIS) - based
  parcel or cadastral mapping used for
  authoritative boundary definition purposes
  wherein land title or development rights for
  individual parcels are, or may be, affected.

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• 6. Authoritative interpretation of maps, deeds,
  or other land title documents to
• resolve conflicting data elements.
• 7. Acquisition of field data required to
  authoritatively position fixed works or
• cadastral data relative to geodetic control.
• 8. Analysis, adjustment or transformation of
  cadastral data of the of the parcel layer(s) with
  respect to the geodetic control layer within a
  GIS resulting in the affirmation of positional
  accuracy.
• B. Activities Excluded from Surveying Practice
• A distinction must be made in the use of
  electronic systems between making or
• documenting original measurements in the creation
  of survey products, versus the copying,
  interpretation, or representation of those
  measurements in such systems. Further, a
  distinction must be made according to the intent,
  use, or purpose of measurement products in
  electronic systems to determine a definitive
  location versus the use of those products as a
  locational reference for planning,
• infrastructure management, and general
  information.

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• The following items are not to be included as
  activities within the definition of surveying
• 1. The creation of general maps
• a. Prepared by private firms or government
  agencies for use as guides to motorists, boaters,
  aviators or pedestrians
• b. Prepared for publication in a gazetteer or
  atlas as an educational tool or reference
  publication
• c. Prepared for or by education institutions for
  use in the curriculum of any course of study
• d. Produced by any electronic or print media
  firm as an illustrative guide to the geographic
  location of any event
• e. Prepared by laypersons for conversational or
  illustrative purposes.
• This includes advertising material and users
  guides.
• 2. The transcription of previously georeferenced
  data into a GIS or LIS by
• manual or electronic means, and the maintenance
  thereof, provided the data
• are clearly not intended to indicate the
  authoritative location of property
• boundaries, the precise definition of the shape
  or contour of the earth, and/or the
• precise location of fixed works of humans.
• 3. The transcription of public record data,
  without modification except for graphical
  purposes, into a GIS- or LIS-based cadastre (tax
  maps and associated records) by manual or
  electronic means, and the maintenance of that
  cadastre, provided the data are clearly not
  intended to authoritatively represent property
  boundaries. This includes tax maps and zoning
  maps.

84

• 4. The preparation of any document by any federal
  government agency that does not define real
  property boundaries. This includes civilian and
  military versions of quadrangle topographic maps,
  military maps, satellite imagery, and other such
  documents.
• 5. The incorporation or use of documents or
  databases prepared by any federal agency into a
  GIS/LIS, including but not limited to federal
  census and demographic data, quadrangle
  topographic maps, and military maps.
• 6. Inventory maps and databases created by any
  organization, in either hard-copy or electronic
  form, of physical features, facilities, or
  infrastructure that are wholly contained within
  properties to which they have rights or for which
  they have management responsibility. The
  distribution of these maps and/or databases
  outside the organization must contain appropriate
  metadata describing, at a minimum, the accuracy,
  method of compilation, data source(s) and
  date(s), and disclaimers of use clearly
  indicating that the data are not intended to be
  used as a survey product.
• 7. Maps and databases depicting the distribution
  of natural resources or phenomena prepared by
  foresters, geologists, soil scientists,
  geophysicists, biologists, archeologists,
  historians, or other persons qualified to
  document such
• data.
• 8. Maps and georeferenced databases depicting
  physical features and events prepared by any
  government agency where the access to that data
  is restricted by statute. This includes
  georeferenced data generated by law enforcement
  agencies involving crime statistics and criminal
  activities.

85
The Schneider Corporation
The Schneider Corporation Historic Fort
Harrison8901 Otis AvenueIndianapolis, IN
46216Phone - 317.826.7100Fax -
317.826.7200contact_at_schneidercorp.com

• Gary R. Kent
• Director, Integrated Services
• phone [phone]
• fax [phone]
• gkent_at_schneidercorp.com