Happy Birthday, BURA! Wishing you a long and full life

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Happy Birthday, BURA!Wishing you a long and full
life

• Alma Swan
• Key Perspectives Ltd
• Truro, UK

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• It is no good just writing a paper that is
  likely to be thought excellent by anyone who
  reads it.
• It may be, but if nobody has read it, the
  quality doesnt matter.
• Professor Richard Barnett
• Vice Chancellor, University of Ulster, UK

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Old paradigms

• Using proxy measures of an individual scientists
  merit
• It is a journals responsibility to disseminate
  your work
• Printed article is the format of record
• Other scientists have time to find out what you
  want them to know

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New paradigms

• Rich, deep, broad metrics for measuring the
  contributions of individual scientists
• Effective dissemination of your work is now in
  your hands (at last)
• The digital format will be the format of record
  (is already in many areas)
• Unless you routinely publish in Nature or
  Science, getting it out there is up to you

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What Open Access is about

• Give-away literature
• Freely available
• Publicly available
• Permanently available
• Online, via the WWW

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What Open Access is not about

• NOT vanity publishing or self-publishing
• NOT about non-peer-reviewed literature
• NOT about publications that scientists expect to
  be paid for (e.g. books)

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Why we should have Open Access

• Greater impact from scientific endeavour
• More rapid and more efficient progress of science
• Better assessment, better monitoring, better
  management of science
• Novel information-creation using new and
  advanced technologies

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Open Access?

• A much better term to use would have been
• Open Dissemination

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Why researchers publish their work
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• It is one of the noblest duties of a university
  to advance knowledge, and to diffuse it not
  merely among those who can attend the daily
  lectures but far and wide."
• Daniel Coit Gilman
• First President, Johns Hopkins University

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Two ways to provide Open Access

• Publish in an Open Access journal (www.doaj.com)
• Deposit copies of published articles in an Open
  Access repository (self-archiving)

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Open Access repositories

• c1000 worldwide
• Open source software (e.g. EPrints from
  Southampton University)
• Interoperable (interlinked)
• Form a global database of freely-accessible
  research
• Use a global indexing tool

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Why an institutional repository?

• Fulfils a universitys mission to engender,
  encourage and disseminate scholarly work
• Enables a university to compile a complete record
  of its intellectual effort
• Forms a permanent record of all digital output
  from an institution
• Enables standardised online CVs for all
  researchers (e.g. RAE exercise)
• Marketing tool for universities

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Open Access increases research impact
Range 50-200 (Courtesy Stevan Harnad and
co-workers)
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An authors own testimony on open access
visibility

• Self-archiving in the PhilSci Archive has
  given instant world-wide visibility to my work.
  As a result, I was invited to submit papers to
  refereed international conferences/journals and
  got them accepted.

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Lost citations, lost impact what this means for
Brunel
2004 2005 2006
Articles 466 583 621
Citations 2506 1865 838
Average cites/article 5.38 3.20 1.35
h-index value 21 21 10
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What could have been
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And for individual scholars.

• Diamond, A M (1986) What is a citation worth?
  J. Human Resources 21, 200
  (www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v11p354y198
  8.pdf)
• Marginal value of one citation is 50-1300 USD
  (depending on field and number of citations an
  increase from 0 to 1 citation is worth more than
  from 30-31 citations)
• Update for inflation (170) 86-2227 USD (say,
  1000)
• Convert to sterling 460
• Now lets look at one Brunel authors situation.

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Rodgers, G J
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Geoff Rodgers

• 71 articles, 464 citations
• Could have been 50 higher (or more) 696
  citations
• Lost citations 232
• Each citation is worth 460
• Value of lost impact 106,720
• Conservatively!!!

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The U.Southampton conundrum
The G-Factor (universitymetrics.com)
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Why is Southampton so strong?

• Strong research base
• TBL et al
• Mandatory deposit of research output in ECS
  repository for 4 years (c11K items)
• University repository actively managed and now to
  have mandatory deposit
• All strong web presence

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Usage stories

• UoCs eScholarship repository logged 3 million
  downloads
• 2 years - 0.5m
• 1 year 1m
• Next 9 months 2m
• 10K records at end 2005
• University of Otago Business School
• Launched mid-November
• 20K downloads by mid-February
• For 220 documents

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Monthly downloads
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Daily download pattern
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Who is downloading
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Who is referring
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What search terms they are using
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Measure usage and impact (Citebase)
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Navigation and analysis of science output
Citebase

• Find researchers
• Measure citations to articles (not journals)
• Follow the citations through the literature
• Measure downloads (and predict citations)
• Use citation patterns to analyse science

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Publisher permissions (by journal)
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Publisher permissions

• 92 of journals permit self-archiving
• SHERPA/RoMEO list at
• www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php
• Or at http//romeo.eprints.org/stats.php

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• Just funding the research is a job only part
  done. A fundamental part of our mission is to
  ensure the widest possible dissemination and
  unrestricted access to that research.
• Robert Terry
• Senior Policy Advisor, Wellcome Trust

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(Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale)
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(Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale)
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(Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale)
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Author readiness to comply with a mandate
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81
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Other drivers for Open Access

• Data sharing stipulations
• E-science
• Interdisciplinary research
• Scientometrics

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Thank you for listening

• aswan_at_keyperspectives.co.uk
• www.keyperspectives.co.uk/OpenAccessArchive/

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