Fluency with IT

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Software
Computer (hardware)
1010 0110 1011 1100 1101 1111 0000 1010 0110 1010
1110 0001
Add 20,22,34
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Memory
Magnetic core memory
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Memory
(DRAM)
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Memory
(DRAM)
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Software
Computer (hardware)
1010 0110 1011 1100 1101 1111 0000 1010 0110 1010
1110 0001
Add 20,22,34
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Running programs

• Early computers
• programs on perforated cards
• users installed tapes cards
• signup sheets!

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Running programs

• Things got a bit better
• operator installed punch cards in batches (less
  time organizing, more computing time)
• a computer program controlled the execution of
  user programs (jobs)
• users had no direct interaction

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Running programs
The PDP-1 operating system's timesharing ability
made interactive access to computers economically
viable by allowing various users to share the
computer simultaneously. Shown here is the PDP-1
installation at BBN.
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Running programs
System programs Operating Systems
User programs Applications
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Hard disc
IBM Disc Storage System (1961)
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Creating programs
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Source code
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