Workshop on Political Economy of Water Demand Management in MENA

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Workshop on Political Economy of Water Demand
Management in MENA Key Issues in Water Demand
Management Leading to Minimizing Water losses
and Increasing Water Savings Sanaa July 7-8,
08 By Abdelkarim Asad
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Main Goal of this Presentation

• To provide the managers of water utilities
  with practical basic knowledge in planning and
  implementing water demand management activities

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Why is Water Demand Management (WDM) Important?

• Provides more reliable water supplies at a
• reasonable cost
• Has environmental benefits
• Makes the utility closer to conforming to
• the regulatory requirements

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Outline of Steps and Actions

• Conduct strategic analysis
• Define the area, time frame, and assumptions
• Inventory of water Sources, distribution, and
  metering systems
• Collect, Sort, and analyze available reports,
  studies, research, MP
• Identify ongoing rehabilitation projects,
  awareness campaigns, and
• water saving projects
• Define strategies and action plan
• Conduct Cost-Benefit analysis
• Prioritize projects
• Prepare conceptual designs and project
  proposals

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Strategic Planning for WDM
What is Strategic Planning all about?

• Where are we now?
• Where do we want to go?
• How will we get there?

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Strategic Planning Steps Where we are now?

• External Influences
• -National studies
• -Regulations standards
• -Market research
• -Customer demand
• -Development plans
• -Technology advances
• Internal Influences
• -Capital master plans
• -Studies done for the
• utility
• -Water quality analysis
• -Water availability

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Where do we want to go, and how will we get
there?
Vision to build on
What are our strengths?
Actions
Vision to minimize
Actions
What are our weaknesses?
Vision to take advantage
Actions
What are our opportunities ?
Vision to overcome
Actions
What threats hold us back?

• Draft WDM vision, mission, and values

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• Example
• Vision
• By the year 2020, U-f-W reduced to 10
• Mission
• Allocate resources, concentrate efforts and work
  with the public to reduce U-f-W in the sector to
  10 by the year 2020 and to contain water demand
  without harming the consumers amenities
• Values
• Knowledge, planning and appropriate
  technologies are our driving force to achieve our
  mission

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Planning PerspectivesTake-Home Point
If you dont know where you are going, any road
will take you there
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• Main Assumptions for the Recoverable Losses
• At Source
  West Bank
• Drinking water Utilized from Springs
  20
• Drinking Water Pumped from Wells
  20
• Irrigation Water Pumped from Wells
  20
• Irrigation Water Utilized from Springs
  20
• During conveyance and Distribution
• 
  West
  Bank Gaza
• From Purchased Water - WB
  5 25
• Water from Drinking Wells - WB
  17 25
• Drinking Water from Springs WB
  20
• Water from Irrigation Wells WB
  30 20
• Due to mounting efficient Water Meters
  7.5 13

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Possible WDM Strategies(Based on the Main
Assumptions for the Recoverable Losses )

• Implement rehabilitation programs for ground
  water sources to save 30 mcm/y
• Implement rehabilitation programs for main
  conveyance distribution networks to save 50
  mcm/y
• Install suitable water meters to save 10 mcm/y

• Implement awareness campaigns directed to
  domestic consumers, farmers, institutions, and
  industry
• Promote the use of saving devices and techniques
  for all types of users and uses
• Define other alternative options rationing, use
  of grey water, and rain harvesting

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Reducing Water Loss and Saving Activities

• Physical Activities Enhance the efficiency of
• production and distribution systems
• Economic incentives Demand management oriented
• tariffs
• Conservation Programs A combination of
  technical,
• socio-economic, and regulatory activities
• Benchmarking Accurate measurement of supplies,
• sales, and U-f-W

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• Loss Reduction and Saving Tools through Physical
  Activities
• Rehabilitation of wells, springs, pumps, and
  mains
• Rehabilitation and /or replacement of
  distribution systems
• Meters maintenance, calibration, and replacement
  by suitable types
• Regular inspection and maintenance of the
  systems
• (Leak Detection, regular maintenance and
  preventive maintenance)
• Pressure Management
• Rehabilitation of irrigation systems and use of
  irrigation saving
• techniques

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Effect of replacing old velocity meters with new
volumetric meters in the city of
Nablus (Registered consumption)
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Examples Rehabilitation Activities and True
Results (Testing the Assumptions)
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U-f-W at Jerusalem Water Undertaking
78/79
84/85
2000-2004
U-f-W
U-f-W
Year

• Drop down in U-f-W in 1978/79 was due to
  replacing 5000 velocity water meters with
  volumetric meters
• Drop down in U-f-W in 84/85 due to replacing a
  deteriorated 10 km pipe line
• Increase of U-f-W 2000-2004 due to Israeli
  security measures, On-going Uprising and lack of
  funding

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Before - Conveyed Quantity (m3/year)
m3/year
After - Conveyed Quantity (m3/year)
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Rehabilitation of Agricultural Wells in Palestine
m3
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• Take-Home Points
• Savings due to reduction of physical
• losses
• Result in an additional source of low cost
  water
• Reflect the managements commitment towards
• Preserving national resources
• The public, the environment, and regulations
• Enhances the utilitys financial
  capabilities, cost recovery,
• and sustainability
• U-f-W program can even generate the cash to
  pay for itself

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Measuring Results
If you can measure it, you can manage it
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Water Demand Management Financial Indicators

• Ratio of maintenance cost per m3 to
• average cost per m3
• Cost of public awareness campaigns
• per consumer

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• WDM Performance Indicators
• Volume lost per length of mains per unit time
• Volume lost per property per unit of time
• Volume lost per service connection per unit of
  time
• Volume lost per length of system per unit time
• Percent of volume lost from input volume
• Percent of metered consumers
• Percent of treated wastewater used in
  agriculture
• and industry
• Length of system length of mains length of
  service connections
• up to point of customer metering

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• Operational Indicators/Continued
• The Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI)
  TIRL/UARL
• is the ratio of the Technical Indicator
  for Real Losses (TIRL) to
• the value of Unavoidable Annual Real
  Losses (UARL), calculated for
• current pressures and continuity of supply
  
• Where
• The Technical Indicator for Real Losses (TIRL)
  is in Litres per
• connection per day when the system is
  pressurised (w.s.p)
• The Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL) is a
  prediction of what
• the real losses would be for any specific
  system if all infrastructure were in good
  condition. UARL (18 X Lm 0.80 X Nc 25 X Lp)
  X P
• Where
• Lm mains length in km, Nc number of
  service connections,
• Lp total length in km of underground pipes
  between the edge of the
• streets and customer meters, P average
  operating pressure in
• meters

Source Corrected final version dated 26.01.2000
A Review of Performance Indicators for Real
Losses from Water Supply Systems A.O Lambert1,
Timothy.G. Brown2 , M. Takizawa3 , D. Weimer4