Title: Migration waves during the 19th century: A Comparison Between the Migration waves from Germany to Ru
1Migration waves during the 19th centuryA
Comparison Between the Migration waves from
Germany to Russia and from Ireland to
Americawith a spot on the current return movement
2Reasons for Emigrating from Ireland to America
- the Irish Potato Famine (1845 1849)
- its aftermath, lasting until 1851
- high unemployment as a result of reformation of
the agricultural law
http//www.jessajune.com/photos/2002/ireland/irela
nd216.jpg
3Effects on Ireland and America
- IRELAND
- between 1.5 2 million people emigrated
- less people to feed / relatively low
unemployment rate
- USA
- lots of unemployed people ?? cheap workforces
- more farmers, catholic priests, etc.
- enriched holiday calendar St. Patricks Day
4Map of Irish Population in America during the
19th Century
http//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/irish_po
p_1872.jpg
5The Return Movement of the Irish
- there isnt a real return movement to Ireland
- thousands are leaving the Green Island annually
- in 2002 more than 60,000 people immigrated
- 11,634 asylum seekers
- in 2004 a law that gave everyone born on Irish
soil Irish nationality was changed by plebiscite
6Reasons for Emigrating from Germany to Russia
- Manifesto of the Russian Empress Catherine II
- subsidies for raising a company (cheap workers)
- free practicing of religion
- exemption of joining the army
- exemption of paying taxes for at least ten years
- not enough space to grow enough crops to feed a
family
- Rev. Samuel G.C. Cloeter had idea of founding
settlements as refuges for Christians during end
times
http//www.library.yale.edu/slavic/coins/images/po
rtraits/Catherine2.jpg
7Effects on Germany and Russia
- GERMANY
- more space for other farmers
- fewer soldiers for following wars
- loss of craftsmen and wealthy people
- RUSSIA
- more skilled farmers for cultivating for new
regions - German entrepreneurs empowered Russian economy
- Russian farmers in competition with German
farmers - nomads felt endangered and robbed of their land
8German Settlements in Russia during the 19th
Century
9The Return Movement of the Germans from Russia
- started in 1980s
- until 1990 most of them were religious refugees
- after fall of the Iron Curtain 1.6 million German
Russians returned to Germany - they thought life in Germany would be better
10History of the Families Sütterlin and Albach I
- he moved to Gnadenburg at the age of 22 in the
summer of 1890 - worked there as a carpenter
- 1914 he had six children, three others died
early - exported queen bees to Germany and the US, ran a
farm and a carpenters shop - was deported to work camp north of Moscow
(railroad worker) - was released in 1918
- returned to Germany with a part of his children
Paul Sütterlin
11History of the Families Sütterlin and Albach II
- Soviets closed down the borders in 1929
- was deported to Siberia and probably died there
(his father was executed at the age of 72) - people of Gnadenburg were brought to a kolkhoz in
Kazakhstan - my grandmother married and they moved to
Nowokusnezk - returned to Germany in June 1990
Ernst Sütterlin
12The Caucasus Region - Impressions
13For More Information . . .
- Click
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_minority_in_Russia_a
nd_Soviet_Union - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Potato_Famine_281845
-184929 - www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm
?id260 - Read
- Schnurr, J. (Eds.). Die Kirchen und das
religiöse Leben der Russlanddeutschen.
Evangelischer Teil. (pp. 432-436). Stuttgart AER
Verlag - Or ask
- my grandparents ?