Title: Grad Students, PostDocs, New Faculty National Institutes of Health Breakout Session
1Grad Students, Post-Docs, New FacultyNational
Institutes of HealthBreakout Session
- John IvyProposal Development Officer
- Office of Proposal DevelopmentTexas AM
UniversityandTexas AM Health Science Center - Copies of this presentation will be available on
the OPD website, http//opd.tamu.edu/
2Office of Proposal Development
- Supports faculty and others in the development
and writing of research and educational proposals
to federal agencies and foundations - Center-level initiatives
- Interdisciplinary research teams
- New junior faculty
- Institutional diversity initiatives
- Health Science Center collaborations
- Multi-institutional research partnerships
- Offers a full suite of grant writing training
programs to help faculty develop and write more
competitive proposals.
3OPD Proposal Support
- Assistance with finding funding opportunities
- Information on particular programs
- What is the funding agency looking for?
- Experiences of other TAMU faculty who have
applied for that program - What types of projects have been funded?
- Project planning
- Strategic planning based on review criteria
- Education and outreach components
- Proposal editing
- Conformity with solicitation requirements
- Clarity and organization
- Grammar, punctuation, spelling
4Seminars and WorkshopsCheck our website at
http//opd.tamu.edu/seminars
- One-day Craft of Proposal Writing Workshop
offered each fall before classes start - Seminar on strategies for competing for funding
with breakout sessions on different agencies
scheduled in the fall - Semester-long grant-writing workshops offered
fall and spring semesters - Seminars on specific programs (instrumentation,
NSF CAREER, NIH K-awards, etc.) offered
throughout the year - Faculty panel discussions on specific agencies
and research areas in spring
5OPD Member List
- Jean Ann Bowman, PhD jbowman_at_tamu.edu
- Physical Geography/Hydrology, earth, ecological,
environmental - Mike Cronan, PE, BS (Civil/Structures), BA, MFA
- Center-level proposals, research and educational
partnerships, new proposal and training
initiatives mikecronan_at_tamu.edu - Lucy Deckard, BS, MS (Materials) l-deckard_at_tamu.ed
u - New faculty initiative, fellowships,
engineering/physical science proposals,
equipment, and instrumentation - John Ivy, PhD (Molecular Biology) johnivy_at_tamu.edu
- NIH biomedical and biological science initiatives
- Phyllis McBride, PhD (English) p-mcbride_at_tamu.edu
- Proposal writing training, biomedical, editing
- Libby Pasciak libbyp_at_tamu.edu
- Scheduling, workshop management, project
coordination - Robyn Pearson, BA, MA (Anthropology) rlpearson_at_tam
u.edu - Social sciences and humanities proposals, editing
and rewriting
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7The Continuumfocused on grad school
8Life Sciences Funding Continuum(from NIAID)
R01, R03, R21, R15
9Today's Topics
- NIH Overview
- NIH Funding Mechanisms
- Finding NIH Funding Opportunities
- Elements of an NIH proposal
- Review of proposals
10NIH DHHS fund diverse areas of research
- Biology
- Biomedicine
- Health disparities
- Behavior
- Biochemistry
- Computational science
- Neuroscience
- Mental Health
- Addiction
- Craniofacial disease
- Immunology
- Infectious disease
- Interdisciplinary studies
- Heart Disease
- Your research interests should align with the
Mission of the Agency from which you seek funding
11Funding Sources for Biomedical Research
- National Institutes of Health 29 bill.
- National Science Foundation 6 bill.
- Dept. of Health Human Services
- Department of Defense
- Foundations
- Environmental Protection Agency
- US Department of Agriculture
- National Aeronautics Space Admin.
12DHHS Overview
- Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA) - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR) - Health Resources and Services Administration
(HRSA) - Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Administration on Aging (AoA)
- Program Support Center (PSC)
- Indian Health Service (IHS)
13FY 2007 OPERATING PLAN NIH DISCRETIONARY BUDGET
AUTHORITY 29.228 BILLION
gt80 awarded to gt325,000 extramural researchers
14NIH 20 Institutes, 7 Centers
15"Know the Funding Agency" The NIH Mission
- NIH is the steward of medical and behavioral
research for the Nation. Its mission is - science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about
the nature and behavior of living systems and - the application of that knowledge to extend
healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness
and disability. - http//www.nih.gov/about/
16The Goals of NIH
- foster fundamental creative discoveries,
innovative research strategies, and their
applications as a basis to advance significantly
the Nation's capacity to protect and improve
health - develop, maintain, and renew scientific human and
physical resourcesthat will assure the Nation's
capability to prevent disease - expand the knowledge base in medical and
associated sciences in order to enhance the
Nation's economic well-being and ensure a
continued high return on the public investment in
research - exemplify and promote the highest level of
scientific integrity, public accountability, and
social responsibility in the conduct of science
17National Institutes of Health
- Each Institute has its own mission
- Each Institute has its own budget
- Each Institute has its own activities
- Each Institute has its own ways of doing things
- When youre planning to submit a grant, check
with program directors from different institutes
to determine their specific policies and interest
in your science.
18Choose an Appropriate Funding Mechanism
- At NIH, there are three principal types
- Training T F
- Career K
- Research Project Grant R
19NIH Training Awards
- Institutional training awards (T)
- Individual training awards (F) for predoctoral
(F31), postdoctoral (F32), or senior fellowships
(F33) - Limited to US citizens or legal aliens
20NIH Career Development (K) Awards
- Directed at retraining, professional career
development, or recognition of career success - Typically requires 75 research effort (offers
"protected time") - K Kioskhttp//grants1.nih.gov/training/careerdeve
lopmentawards.htm - Career Award WizardHelps you select the right
career awardhttp//grants.nih.gov/training/kwizar
d/index.htm - Participation may be restricted to certain
Institutes and Centers
21 Research Grants for Independent Scientists
- R01 Large Research Grant
- 4-5 years, 250,000/yr
- R03 Small Grant
- 2 year max, 50,000/yr max
- R21 Exploratory Research Grant
- High Risk High Reward
- Transformational
- 2 years, 275,000 total
- R15 Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA)
- Primarily undergrad institutions
- Institute must have received lt3mill/yr in NIH
funding
22Unsolicited vs. Solicited
- NIH makes a distinction between solicited versus
unsolicited proposals - Unsolicited (investigator-initiated) proposals
(82) - Parent Announcements (Program Announcements, PA)
- Solicited (agency-initiated) proposals (18)
- Program Announcements (PA)
- New research programs and updates to ongoing
programs (renewable) - Request for Applications/Proposals (RFA/RFP)
- One time request to fulfill specific agency
research objective or need
23New Investigator Programhttp//grants.nih.gov/gra
nts/new_investigators/index.htm
24For New Investigators
- K99/R00 Pathway to Independence
- Must have fewer than 5 yr postdoc experience
- Open to US and non-US citizens
- 2 yr mentored Post-doc 75 effort required
- 3 yr independent, tenure-track or equivalent
position 75 research effort - R01 fast review for new investigators
- Check box on cover page for new investigators
- Example Oct 5 Submit Mar 1 Summary
Statement Mar 20 Resubmit (Mar 5, Jul 5, Nov 5)
25For New Investigators
- More lenient R01 payline for new investigators
(varies by IC) - In FY07, 500 R01 awards to be made to new
investigators - DP2 Directors New Innovator Award
- For exceptionally creative work of new
investigators - Requires highly innovative approaches that have
the potential to produce an unusually high impact - Must have completed doctoral degree within 10
yr - Awards up to 300,000
26A New InitiativeIdentify Early Stage
Investigators
- Designed to encourage early transition to
independence - the average age at which an investigator first
obtains R01 funding has increased by more than 5
years between 1980 to and 2001 - New Investigator An NIH research grant
Principal Investigator who has not yet competed
successfully for a substantial, competing NIH
research grant - Early Stage Investigator (ESI) An individual
who is classified as a New or First-Time
Investigator and is within 10 years of completing
his/her terminal research degree or is within 10
years of completing medical residency - NIH will collect necessary data from the eRA
Commons personal profile - NIH will eliminate the New Investigator Check Box
on the application face page - New or First-Time Investigators will continue to
be identified by determining whether the
individual has had significant, previous NIH
funding - PD/PIs who receive a substantive, competing NIH
research grant will lose their New Investigator
status and hence their status as an ESI - Applications from ESIs and New Investigators will
be identified to reviewers so that appropriate
consideration of their career stage can be
applied during review - New Investigators as well as ESIs will be
eligible for the Full Implementation to Shorten
the Review Cycle for New Investigator R01
Applications Reviewed in Center for Scientific
Review (CSR) Recurring Study Sections
27Application Due Dates
28Finding NIH Funding
- Search All Federal Agencies Grants.gov
- Search all of NIH NIH OER
- Search your favorite NIH IC(s) NIH IC home
pages - Sign up for email notices by weekly/daily
listserves - Sign up for RSS feeds
- Other strategies Other sources
- Google
- Colleagues
- National Science Foundation
- Acknowledgements in publications
- Philanthropy News Digest / The Foundation Center
- Commercial search providers Community of
Science (COS)
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30Parent Announcements
31Example Sequencing Technology
32Example Sequencing Technology
33Staying Informed on NIH FOAs
- e.g., at NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
34Assess the CompetitionKnow what was recently
funded
- Learning about recently funded research in your
area helps you understand what an agency is
looking for in the review process - Search on-line databases of funded projects
- Review abstracts of funded proposals on agency
web sites - Talk to the principal investigators of funded
proposals in your area - Obtain copies of funded proposals
- Ask the PI
35CRISP http//report.nih.gov/crisp/
- Computer Retrieval of Informationon Scientific
Projects - A searchable database of federally funded
biomedical research - What similar projects have been funded?
- Has someone already been funded to pursue my
idea? - Who are my competitors?
- Who are potential collaborators?
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37CRISP search results
38Preparing Proposals
- All NIH proposals use either the electronic form
SF424 or the paper PHS398. - The transition to SF424 for F and K awards is
delayed - Step 1 Download the Instructions and Forms via
the NIH OER website - http//grants2.nih.gov/grants/funding/424/
- http//grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs39
8.html - Step 2 READ THE INSTRUCTIONS
39Speak with the Program Officer early and often
40Writing for Reviewers
- Reviewers often have 8 or 10 proposals to read
- Use white space, underlining, bold, bullets,
figures, flowcharts to make main points easy to
find - Put main idea of sections and paragraphs up front
- Write for the reviewers
- Make it easy for them to assess your proposal
- Make it easy for them to be your advocate
41Common Elements of PHS398 R01
- Cover page/face sheet
- Description Project Summary (Abstract)
Relevance - Performance site, key personnel
- Table of contents
- Budget page(s)
- Budget justification
- Biosketch of PI, biosketch of all other major/key
personnel - Resources
- Research Plan (Items A-D)
- Other Information under Research Plan (Items E-J)
- References cited, human or animal research
subjects, inclusion of minorities/children in
clinical studies, data sharing plans, etc. - Appendix items
- Checklist
42Introductory writing tips
- Title, Summary (Abstract), and Introduction
(Specific Aims) are key - May be all reviewers read
- Must excite and grab the attention
- Reviewers will assume errors in language and
usage will translate into errors in the science - Dont be overly ambitious in what you propose,
but convey credibility and capacity to perform
43Introductory writing tips
- Sell your proposal to a good scientist but not an
expert - Some review panels may not have an expert in your
field, or panels may be blended for
multidisciplinary initiatives - Agencies reviewers fund compelling, exciting
research - Proposals are not journal articles proposals
must be user-friendly and offer a narrative that
tells a story that is memorable to reviewers
44Title
- Used by agency administrators to route your
proposal to the appropriate reviewers - Should provide an accurate representation of
your proposed project - Should generate interest in and enthusiasm for
your proposed project - Should conform to agency requirements
- Program name
- Number of characters (NIH 81 incl. spaces)
45Project Summary (Abstract)
- Used by agency administrators to route your
proposal to the appropriate reviewers - Provides a concise overview of the proposed
project - Requires that you provide a great deal of
information within a very limited amount of space
(NIH 30 lines) - Becomes public record if the project is funded
46Project Summary (Abstract)
- One of the most critical sections
- May be one of only a few elements a reviewer
reads - Communicate excitement and grab the reviewer
- Consider writing the Abstract after you've
written your Research Plan - Use the same elements of the Specific Aims in the
same order - Brief introduction to the topic
- Gap in knowledge or critical need
- Broad, long-term goals
- Specific Aims
- Describe research design and methods
- Summarize the Significance of the project
- Avoid summary of past accomplishments
- Avoid use of the first person
47Project Relevance
- The second component of the Project
Summary/Abstract is Relevance - Corresponds to "Project Narrative" in SF424 forms
- Using no more than two or three sentences,
describe the relevance of this research to public
health - Be succinct and use plain language that can be
understood by a general, lay audience
48Connect budget to the research narrative
- Be sure activities discussed in the narrative
(Research Plan) are reflected in the budget - In budget justification, personnel, materials,
supplies, equipment, travel should reflect that
necessary to complete Research Plan - Base budget on real costs
- Remember that reviewers know what things cost
- Factor in both direct and indirect costs
- Factor in cost escalations for multi-year projects
49Resources
- Demonstrate that it is feasible to conduct the
proposed research project at your institution - Laboratory
- Clinical
- Animal
- Computer
- Office
- Other
50Research Plan
- Introduction (Resubmissions only)
- A) Specific Aims
- Long-range goals
- Hypothesis
- B) Background Significance
- C) Preliminary Studies / Progress Report
- D) Research Design and Methods
- Structure based on Specific Aims
51Specific Aims
- Critically important
- Must provide a conceptual overview
- Must outline the project goals, objectives
(aims), and expected outcomes - Must be clearly written leave no room for
interpretation - Must grab the reviewers attentionand generate
enthusiasm for the project - Must be able to stand alone
- Often Title, Abstract, and Specific Aims may be
the only three parts that all reviewers will have
an opportunity to read
52General organization of the Specific Aims
Introduction to the problem. Identification of
need or gap in knowledge. Long term research goal
and specific project goal Central
hypothesis Specific Aims
Project outcomes benefits
53Specific Aims
- Provide a framework
- State a long-range goal of your research program
- Tie to program/agency mission and goals
- State a specific hypothesis or critical need that
your experiments will address - Provide a rationale for your approach
- State specific, measurable Specific Aims
- Discuss expected outcomes
- Do not be overly ambitious!
54Your Central Hypothesis
- The foundation of your application the
conceptual underpinning on which the entire
structure rests. - Generally applications should ask questions that
prove or disprove a hypothesis rather than use a
method to search for a problem or simply collect
information. - The goal of more applied research may be to
discover basic biology or develop or use a new
technology. - If your application is not hypothesis-based,
state this in your cover letter and give the
reasons why the work is important.
55Background Significance
- Consider starting with Significance and tie into
Specific Aims - Explain explicitly why proposed research is
important - Specify how your research will extend and advance
knowledge in the field - Identify what you will be able to do following
successful research that you cannot now do. - Tie to agency and program goals
- Relate to review criteria (e.g., innovation)
- Make Significance easy to find
- Communicate your excitement!
56Background Significance
- Background should tie closely to your proposed
research - Describe state of the field
- Provide context for proposed project
- Demonstrate your familiarity with the field
- Nature of the problem and Identification of the
opportunity - Acknowledge alternative hypotheses or models
- Be thorough and concise
- Do not be dismissive of previous research
57Preliminary Data / Progress Report
- Discussion of preliminary data must connect
clearly to proposed project - Determine how much preliminary data to include
- Can vary with funding mechanism
- Present the results in a logical order
- Illustrate your results
58Research Design Methods
- Structure based on Specific Aims or Review
Criteria - Include approaches and detailed methods
- Be clear about how you will accomplish your
stated goals and objectives. Include details - What, specifically, will you do when you get the
money? - Schedules and milestones may be helpful
- This is especially important if you are a
relatively new researcher - Identify expected, measurable outcomes
- Identify and address anticipated pitfalls and
alternate approaches - Avoid ambiguous terminologybe specific!
59Project schedule
- Delineate the key milestones
- Incorporate the agency and program requirements
60Review of NIH Proposals
- Center for Scientific Review (CSR)
- Administers and coordinates peer review
- http//www.csr.nih.gov/default.htm
- Divisions (4)
- Integrated Review Groups (IRG) 23
- Study Sections (SS) 220
- Scientific Review Officer (SRO)
- Members (peers with expertise in SS research)
- Standing members
- Ad hoc members
- Study section rosters postedhttp//www.csr.nih.go
v/Roster_proto/sectionI.asp
61What happens when you submit an application?
Center for Scientific Review
1) Scientific Review Group or IC Review Branch
2) IC Advisory Council
Institute Director
62CSR Review Streamlining
- Proposal received at CSR
- Assigned to an IRG, then to a Study Section (SS)
- The Scientific Review Officer (SRO) assigns a
primary, secondary, and tertiary reviewer - Review is a two-step process
- 1) Peer review is merit-based
- Investigator-initiated proposals (R01, R03, R21)
are read by the 1, 2, 3 peer reviewers - Bottom 50 of proposals are identified about 1
week prior to the SS meeting (triaged or
streamlined) - All three reviewers must agree on the streamlined
proposals in order for the proposal to be triaged - Streamlined applications receive summary
statements verbatim from each reviewer, but are
not discussed nor scored - SS meets to review and discuss applications
- Primary reviewer presents your proposal to the
group (reads the abstract)
63CSR Scoring Proposals
- 1) Peer Review (cont.)
- SS members discuss your application, the primary
reviewer answers questions about the proposal - SS members assign a score to the proposal between
1-5 (1outstanding, 5forget it) - After the meeting the SRO calculates the average
score for each proposal, multiply by 100 to get a
3 digit score (100-500) - SRO calculates a priority score or percentile
ranking of the score based on the past 3 cycles
of grant scores within SS - SRO prepares a written critique of your proposal
based on reviewers comments - 2) Advisory Council or Board
- Meritorious proposals considered against mission,
needs, and budget - IC Program Officer makes recommendation to IC
Director - IC Director makes funding decision
64Your application is reviewed at study section by
- Experts
- Non-experts
- People who are reading lots of grants
- People who want to be excited by science
- People who will be irritated by a sloppy
application - So,
- Submit a high quality, reviewer-friendly
application! - Have people review your application critically
well before submission
65For what are Reviewers looking?NIH General
Review Criteria
- Significance
- Ability of the project to improve health
- Approach
- Feasibility of methods and appropriateness of
budget - Innovation
- Originality of research
- Investigator
- Education, training, relevant experience
- Environment
- Suitability of facilities and institution support
66Three possible outcomes
- Triaged
- Discussed, scored, not funded
- Discussed, scored, FUNDED!
67Revisions Resubmission
X Two
- Three strikes youre out
- Read the reviewers comments
- Take a break
- Re-read the reviewers comments
- Dont take them personally
- Read the reviewers comments, AGAIN
- Call the program officer for more feedback
- Evaluate if you should resubmit
68Interpreting Reviews Planning to Resubmit
- Were certain issues mentioned consistently?
- Plan how to address those issues
- Did the reviewers misunderstand your proposal?
- Plan how to make your text more clear
- Was no clear issue mentioned?
- May not have excited reviewers enough
- May not be an area they wish to fund now
- May not fit into their research portfolio
- Begin working on the revisions. Incorporate the
revisions that you think make your proposal
better than the previous submission - Many funded proposals were funded after multiple
submissions ? intelligent perseverance is the key!
69Three Myths
70Myth 1
- It's so competitive now that a new investigator
has no chance of funding. - Truths
- Balderdash
- If you dont apply, you will not be funded
71FIRST TIME INVESTIGATORSAS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL
COMPETING AWARDEES
72Myth 2
- Nobody gets funded on the first submission
- Reality
- At NINDS in 2005, 58 of the K awards were
obtained on the first submission - Plan on resubmitting, but make your first
submission as good as it can be anyway - You cannot be funded on the resubmission without
a first submission!
73Myth 3
- You have little chance of funding when initially
triaged - Reality
- Plenty of applications are funded after initially
being triaged
74Life Science Funding Source Listings
- Grants.gov http//www.grants.gov
- National Institues of Health
- Office of Extramural Research http//grants.nih.go
v/grants/OER.htm - Individual Institutes and Centers
- National Science Foundation http//www.nsf.gov/
- Find Funding http//www.nsf.gov/funding/
- Funded Research http//www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/
- GrantsNet sponsored by AAAS and
HHMI http//sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/funding - Congressionally Directed Medical Research
Programs http//cdmrp.army.mil/funding/default.ht
m - Philanthropy News Digest RFP listings http//found
ationcenter.org/pnd/rfp/ - American Cancer Society http//www.cancer.org/docr
oot/RES/RES_0.asp - American Heart Association http//www.americanhear
t.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier9713 - Cancer Research Institute http//www.cancerresearc
h.org/criprogs.html - Life Sciences Research Foundation http//www.lsrf.
org/geninfo.htm
75Web Resources
- National Institutes of Health http//www.nih.gov/
- Grant Application Basicshttp//grants.nih.gov/gra
nts/grant_basics.htm - All About Grants Tutorialhttp//www.niaid.nih.gov
/ncn/grants/default.htm - New Investigator Portalhttp//www.niaid.nih.gov/n
cn/grants/new/portal.htm - Annotated R01 Research Plan and Summary
Statementhttp//www.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/grants/app/
- Mock Peer Review Videohttp//www.csr.nih.gov/Vide
o/Video.asp - CRISP funded biomedical researchhttp//crisp.cit.
nih.gov/
76Web Resources
- Grants.gov http//www.grants.gov
- GrantsNet sponsored by AAAS and
HHMI http//sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/funding - Congressionally Directed Medical Research
Programs http//cdmrp.army.mil/funding/default.ht
m - Philanthropy News Digest RFP listings http//found
ationcenter.org/pnd/rfp/ - American Cancer Society http//www.cancer.org/doc
root/RES/RES_0.asp - American Heart Association http//www.americanhear
t.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier9713 - Cancer Research Institute http//www.cancerresear
ch.org/criprogs.html - Life Sciences Research Foundation
http//www.lsrf.org/geninfo.htm - National Multiple Sclerosis Society
http//www.nationalmssociety.org/
77http//foundationcenter.org/pnd/rfp/
78Additional Postdoctoral Fellowship Information
Sources
- Google is your friend! Search postdoctoral
fellowship - UCSF Biochemistry Biophysics listinghttp//bioc
hemistry.ucsf.edu/fellowships.html - American Cancer Societyhttp//www.cancer.org/docr
oot/RES/RES_5_1.asp?siteareaRES - American Heart Associationhttp//www.americanhear
t.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier9713 - Cancer Research Institutehttp//www.cancerresearc
h.org/postdoc.html - Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundationhttp//www
.drcrf.org/apFellowship.html - Helen Hay Whitney Foundationhttp//www.hhwf.org/H
TMLSrc/ResearchFellowships.html - Life Sciences Research Foundationhttp//www.lsrf.
org/geninfo.htm - The National Academieshttp//www7.nationalacademi
es.org/fellowships/ - National Multiple Sclerosis Societyhttp//www.nat
ionalmssociety.org/Research-Postdoct.asp - GrantsNet sponsored by AAAS and
HHMIhttp//sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/funding?
CFID1015488CFTOKEN17265996
79Questions?
- Copies of this presentation will be available on
the OPD websitehttp//opd.tamu.edu/