Service Sector Demand

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Service Sector Demand

• R S Deshpande, K V Raju and A Narayanamoorthy

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. National Water Requirements for Domestic
Municipal Use (Quantity in km3 )
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TWO PROBLEMS

• first, the availability of data on exact water
  use in different components of the service sector
  is quite fragmentary.
• Second, this is a sector is changing extremely
  rapidly and has location, both in peri-urban as
  well as in rural areas. That makes the best
  sensible assumptions fragile.

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Normative Approach

• Various standards have been suggested for
  estimating water requirement for human use.
  Gleick (1997) has estimated 50 litres per capita
  per day (lpcd) as the basic human need.
• The World Health Organisation (WHO) has suggested
  a target of 200-lpcd water supplies in urban
  areas.
• A variety of factors affect water use in rural
  and urban areas especially in service sector.
  These include population size of a habitat,
  economic status, commercial and manufacturing
  activities.
• The Manual on Water Supply and Treatment (1976)
  by the Central Public Health and Environmental
  Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) prescribed
  norms varying between 70 and 200 lpcd for urban
  areas

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Contd

• The Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97) adopted the
  following norms for water supply
• a) 125 lpcd for urban areas where piped water
  supply and underground sewerage system are
  available.
• b) 70 lpcd for urban areas provided with piped
  water supply but without underground sewerage.
• c)4 lpcd for towns with spot-sources/stand posts
  with one standpost for 200 families with a
  maximum walking distance of 10 metres.

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Assessment of Domestic Water Requirement   Scenari
o Population and rate of urbanization High
Water Requirement Population as per Visaria
Visaria and high rate of urbanization Low Water
Requirement Population as per UN low variant and
low rate of urbanization
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Table 4.2 Norms for Domestic Water Supply at
Different Points of Time

(in lpcd)
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Bovine Water Requirement

• It is usually assumed that bovine population
  growth at the rate of 0.5 per cent per year,
  while keeping in view the carrying capacity of
  the system and likely stress on natural
  resources.
• Water requirement norms between 18 to 30 lpcd per
  animal have been assumed.
• Using 1992 livestock census figure and
  postulating a growth of bovine population at 0.5
  percent
• Applying the norms of water requirement per
  animal as given above,
• NICWRD has estimated water requirement for bovine
  population as 4.8 km3, 5.2 km3 and 5.9 km3 for
  the years 2010, 2025 and 2050 respectively, which
  is included in the total water requirement.

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Water Requirement for Power Development

• Consumptive
• 4.48 m3/hour/MW or 3.92 Mm3/year/100 MW
• Non-consumptive
• 1.32 m3/hour/MW or 1.15 Mm3/year/100 MW

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1. Service sector is one of the fastest growing
   sector in Indian economy.
2. It is likely to sustain the same growth rate to
   2025 . but beyond that the growth is likely to
   decelerate due to high-density in the sector.
3. The process of urbanisation is also likely to be
   slow.The main issue that crops up in the water
   demand for service sector is the quality of water
   and its use in the peri-urban areas.
4. The connected issue is the water treatment in the
   service sector, and specifically for the domestic
   consumption purposes.
5. State of the technology plants for water
   treatment.
6. Next issue emerges out of the supply constraints
   on the water use in the service sector. Largely,
   the service sector utilises surface as well as
   groundwater resources, but more dependent on the
   later.