Language: Nature and Acquisition

1
Chapter 9

• Language Nature and Acquisition

2
Language is . . .

• Communicative

3
Language is . . .

• Communicative
• Arbitrarily Symbolic

4
Language is . . .

• Communicative
• Arbitrarily Symbolic
• Regularly Structured

5
Language is . . .

• Communicative
• Arbitrarily Symbolic
• Regularly Structured
• Structured at Multiple Levels

6
Language is . . .

• Communicative
• Arbitrarily Symbolic
• Regularly Structured
• Structured at Multiple Levels
• Generative, Productive

7
Language is . . .

• Communicative
• Arbitrarily Symbolic
• Regularly Structured
• Structured at Multiple Levels
• Generative, Productive
• Dynamic

8
Fundamental Aspects of Language

• Receptive Comprehension and Decoding of Language
  Input

9
Fundamental Aspects of Language

• Receptive Comprehension and Decoding of Language
  Input
• Expressive Encoding and Production of Language
  Output

10
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a language

11
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a
  language
• Morpheme smallest unit of meaning within a
  language

12
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a
  language
• Morpheme smallest unit of meaning within a
  language
• content morphemes

13
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a
  language
• Morpheme smallest unit of meaning within a
  language
• content morphemes
• function morphemes

14
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a
  language
• Morpheme smallest unit of meaning within a
  language
• content morphemes
• function morphemes
• Lexicon words within a language

15
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a
  language
• Morpheme smallest unit of meaning within a
  language
• content morphemes
• function morphemes
• Lexicon words within a language
• Syntax word order to form sentences

16
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a
  language
• Morpheme smallest unit of meaning within a
  language
• content morphemes
• function morphemes
• Lexicon words within a language
• Syntax word order to form sentences
• Semantics meaning

17
Components of Language

• Phoneme smallest unit of sound within a
  language
• Morpheme smallest unit of meaning within a
  language
• content morphemes
• function morphemes
• Lexicon words within a language
• Syntax word order to form sentences
• Semantics meaning
• Discourse larger units of analysis (e.g.,
  conversations, stories)

18
Speech Perception

• Speech Perception as Ordinary

19
Speech Perception

• Speech Perception as Ordinary
• Speech Perception as Special

20
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics

21
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation

22
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation

23
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax

24
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar

25
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar
• Descriptive grammar

26
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar
• Descriptive grammar
• Syntax Tendency

27
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar
• Descriptive grammar
• Syntax Tendency
• Phrase-structure grammar

28
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar
• Descriptive grammar
• Syntax Tendency
• Phrase-structure grammar
• Transformational grammar

29
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar
• Descriptive grammar
• Syntax Tendency
• Phrase-structure grammar
• Transformational grammar
• Deep structure

30
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar
• Descriptive grammar
• Syntax Tendency
• Phrase-structure grammar
• Transformational grammar
• Deep structure
• Surface structure

31
Semantics and Syntax

• Semantics
• Denotation
• Connotation
• Syntax
• Prescriptive grammar
• Descriptive grammar
• Syntax Tendency
• Phrase-structure grammar
• Transformational grammar
• Deep structure
• Surface structure
• Relation between Syntactical and Lexical
  Structures

32
Stages of Language Acquisition

• Cooing

33
Stages of Language Acquisition

• Cooing
• Babbling

34
Stages of Language Acquisition

• Cooing
• Babbling
• One-Word Utterances

35
Stages of Language Acquisition

• Cooing
• Babbling
• One-Word Utterances
• Basic Adult Sentences

36
Chomskys Approach

• Language-Acquisition Device (LAD)

37
Chomskys Approach

• Language-Acquisition Device (LAD)
• Genetic (Maturational) Unfolding of Language
  Acquisition

38
Environmental Influences of Language Acquisition

• Imitation

39
Environmental Influences of Language Acquisition

• Imitation
• Modeling

40
Environmental Influences of Language Acquisition

• Imitation
• Modeling
• Conditioning