Marine Biology:

1
Marine Biology Marine Invertebrate
Investigation
Notes from your class Presentations on 2/22
2
Characteristics of major marine phylums
Table of Contents
Slide One - Intro Slide Two - Table of
Contents Slide Three - Porifera Slide Four -
Cnideria Slide Five - Cnideria Slide Six -
Ctenophora Slide Seven - Mulusca Slide Eight -
Anthropoda Slide Nine - Echinodermata Slide Ten -
Marine Worms Slide Eleven - Marine Worms
3
Porifera ? 5000 species ? sponges ? marine
creatures ? 150 fresh water ? simplest cellular
organization o no symmetry ? system of pores and
channels for water to pass through ? sexual and
asexual reproduction ? Three main
structures o Tube o Tube, but bigger o Big,
complex
4
Cnidaria ? Jellyfish ? No body cavity ? Asexual ?
Develop into sexual adults ? Sting bees of the
sea o Special cells o Neural toxins ? Four
classes o Jellyfish o Box jelly
fish o Hydroids o Sea anemones.
5
Cnidaria continued
? Radial symmetry ? Central nerve net ? Eat,
plankton, other jellys ? Predator sea turtles,
ocean sunfish, rock fish ? May be eaten by
human ? Coral and sea anemones o Reproduce by
budding or sperm in water (eww) o Eat plankton,
fish o Predators humans ? No brains! Four
primitive structures ? Box Jellyfish has 24
eyes ? 200 feet long (Lions Mane) to a few
centimeters in size
6
Ctenophora ? Comb Jellys ? Not really jellyfish,
but they look similar o Lack nitokites? ? 8 rows
of cilia comb rows ? Sea Gooseberry ? Pleurobr
achia pileus ? 2 cm in size, max ? no real
mouths, oral lobes instead ? eat copepods,
larvae, smaller plankton ? Reflect light off of
cones ? Close to surface ? Two layers of
skin o Protective slim from glands ? Food goes in
and out the same way (gross!) ? Tentacles to
catch prey (no sting, but sticky) ? Hermaphrodite
both male and female sex organs.
7
Mullusca ? Mollusks are diverse ? Latin for
soft ? Squids and octopus ? Snails and clams have
a hard shell, soft inside ? Found in all
habitats, ecologically successful.
? Freshwater and land ? Heart, gonads, kidney
organs ? Normal digestive tract form mouth to
anus (butt hole) ? Soft body is shared trait of
all mollusks ? 8 classes o Gastropods snails,
sea slugs o Clam, mussels, scallops,
oysters o Cephalopods Squid, octopus o Three
other classes (fossilized) ? 160,000 known
species ? Continue to grow and expand because
they can adapt well ? Fossilize well because of
hard shell.
8

• Anthropoda
• ? Arthropod, Greek for joint
• ? Segmented body
• ? Apendage at each joint, connecting to body
• ? Ventral nervous system
• ? Dorsal heart
• ? Exoskeleton
• ? Larges phylum 10 million species
• ? Lots of habitats salt and fresh water, and
  land
• ? 12 foot leg span in larger size, or as small as
  plankton
• ? feed, sense, and defend with appendages
• Ghost crab (Ocyprode quddrata) or
• Sand Crab, dig and move up to 10 mph, sharp 360
  degree vision.

9
Echinodermata ? Sand Dollars and Sea
cumbers ? Internal, water filled
canals ? Five-fold symmetry ? Sand Dollars move
when they are alive, moves water past
mouth ? External fertilize ? 7000 current
species ? 10,000 extinct ? Predators Star Fish
10

• Marine worms
• ? Annelida segmented worm family
• ? 15000 species
• ? Body cavity is unique to this phylum
• Closed circulatory system in each
  segment,
• can operate independently
• ? Digestive tract from mouth to anus
• Bristles along the body, marine worms
  have Polychaete
• (Large Bristled in Latin)
• o Used for movement and respiration
• ? Land worms descended from marine worms
• ? Some drift like plankton

11
Marine Worms continued

• ? Sense organs and jaws on some worms
• ? 1 mm to 3 m long
• ? sexual or asexual reproduction
• ? hydro thermal vent environments
• ? burrowed in coral reefs
• Tube Worm colorful, on coral reefs,
  large groups,
• eat brine shrimp
• ? Peanut Worm gross, eat rotifers
• ? Predators crab, fish, other crustations
  (crabs, lobsters)