Hazardous Waste Management experience in implementation and enforcement of EU legislation in Poland

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation on hazardous waste Experience of a
new member state Poland Preferred hazardous
waste management systems in EU countries Malgor
zata Kolodziej Nowakowska Polish Energy Group
Dolna Odra Power Plants Group Szczecin /
Poland Kocaeli / Turkey, 14-15 of July 2009
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(No Transcript)
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Poland

• Area 312 thousand sq km
• Population (total) 38 million
  - population of urban areas 24 million
• 16 regions / voivodeships

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Szczecin city and seaport
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Polish Energy Group Dolna Odra Power Plants
Group
Elektrownia Dolna Odra

• Polish Energy Group
• the biggest producer of energy in Poland
• Dolna Odra Power Plants Group (near Szczecin)
• 1. Dolna Odra
• - 1772 MWe and 119 MWth
• 2. Pomorzany
• - 134 MWe and 324 MWth
• 3. Szczecin
• - 88 MWe and 220 MWth
• In total - 1994 MWe and 663 MWth
• Fuels coal and biomass

Elektrownia Pomorzany
Elektrownia Szczecin
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Contents of presentation

• Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
  legislation
• Implementation of EU legislation on hazardous
  waste into Polish law
• National ecology policy and planning of hazardous
  waste management
• Hazardous waste management in Poland current
  state, statistics, forecast
• Methods of hazardous waste treatment in Poland
• Control of hazardous waste management

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DIRECTIVE 91/689/EEC ON HAZARDOUS WASTE

• Directive 91/689/EEC extends Directive 75/442/EEC
  by establishing stricter management and
  monitoring requirements for hazardous waste.
• It mainly addresses
• the definition of hazardous waste
• the ban on mixing hazardous waste with other
  hazardous or non-hazardous waste
• specific permit requirements for establishments
  and undertakings dealing with hazardous waste
• periodic inspections
• record-keeping by producers of hazardous waste
• appropriate packaging and labelling of hazardous
  waste during collection, transport and temporary
  storage
• and management plans for hazardous waste.

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE
  EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
  COMMUNITY WASTE LEGISLATION
• THE PERIOD 2001-2003 (published in 2006)
• Directive 75/442/EEC on waste
• Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste
• Directive 75/439/EEC on waste oils
• Directive 86/278/EEC on sewage sludge
• Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging
  waste
• Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• Under Directive 91/692/EEC (standardising and
  rationalising reports on the implementation of
  certain Directives relating to the environment)
  Member States are required to submit reports,
  drawn up on the basis of questionnaires.
• Questionnaires relating to Directives 91/689/EEC
  (hazardous waste) and 94/62/EC (on packaging and
  packaging waste) were adopted by Commission
  Decision 97/622/EC12 of 27 May 1997.
• The aim of this Community report is to enable
  Member States and the Commission to assess the
  progress made in implementing the waste
  management directives throughout the Community
  and provide the general public with information
  on the state of the environment.

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• The report covers the period 2001-2003, i.e.
  before the accession of the ten new Member States
  to the EU on 1 May 2004.
• Thus, for this period the new Member States were
  invited to submit their reports on a voluntary
  basis.
• Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, and Slovakia
  did so.
• Most countries reported also electronically, via
  EIONET (European Environment Information and
  Observation Network).

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• The Commission indicates that the generation of
  hazardous waste has increased,
• Landfilling is the predominant method of disposal
  (26 on average), and the average recycling rate
  is 21.
• All Member States have confirmed incorporation
  Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste and the
  waste list (Decision 2000/532/EC) into their
  national legislation.

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• Austria, the Walloon region of Belgium, Czech
  Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden and
  the UK notified some more wastes as hazardous
  waste.
• Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland,
  Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
  Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden have adopted
  measures to distinguish domestic hazardous waste
  from non-domestic hazardous waste. The UK in
  2004.
• Essentially these measures aim at the separate
  collection of certain hazardous wastes components
  contained in the household waste.

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• According to Article 2 (1) on every site where
  discharge of hazardous waste takes place waste
  has to be recorded and identified.
• In all Member States recording and identification
  takes place where hazardous waste is discharged.
• The Member States confirmed that the necessary
  measures had been taken to prevent mixing of
  hazardous waste (Article 2(2)(4)).

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• All Member States reported that appropriate
  periodic inspections are carried out by the
  competent authorities, as required by Article
  4(1).
• The frequency varies in most countries and
  depends, amongst other criteria, on the type and
  quantity of waste and the type of installation.

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• Most countries set out in detail the provisions
  implementing the record-keeping requirements laid
  down in Article 4(2).
• The United Kingdom has not yet fully implemented
  the requirements for hazardous waste producers
  (in 2003)
• Furthermore, in the Flemish Region of Belgium,
  Denmark and Portugal the recorded information
  must be sent regularly to the competent
  authorities.

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Strengths and weaknesses in adapting to EU
legislation

• The Member States indicated the national measures
  implementing Article 5(1) to ensure that
  hazardous waste is properly packaged and
  labelled.
• In most Member States hazardous waste comes under
  the general waste management plans .

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Implementation of EU legislation
on hazardous waste into Polish law

• Significant changes in Polish environmental
  protection law introduced in 2001 and 2002
• Polish act - Environmental Protection Law
• Polish act on waste
• Catalogue of hazardous waste
• Classification of hazardous waste
• Changes in Polish economy
• Development of market economy
• Adaptation to EU requirements
• New solutions in hazardous waste management

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Implementation of EU legislation
on hazardous waste into Polish law

• Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste and
  regulations connected to it
• requirements of the Directive have been
  transposed into Polish law by
• act on waste
• act - Environmental Protection Law

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National ecology policy and planning of hazardous
waste management

• Act on waste (2001) obligation to work out the
  waste management plan on national, regional,
  district (county) and communal (municipal) levels
• National waste management plan 2010 - Resolution
  of the Cabinet 29 December 2006
• Assessment of waste management plan performance
  once per 2 years

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National ecology policy and planning of hazardous
waste management

• Programme of removing asbestos and products
  including asbestos used on Polish territory
  (2002)
• Programme includes the period 2003 2032
• Removal and exchange of the products with
  asbestos - long-term task
• Large scale problem, its nationwide range, high
  costs

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Hazardous waste management in Poland current
state, statistics, forecast

• Production of hazardous waste
• 1.6 million tonnes per year
• including
• 1.46 million tonnes from industrial processes
  and services
• 0.11 million tonnes from households
• 0.03 million tonnes medical waste
• Forecast
• 2.1 million tonnes in 2010
• 2.2 million tonnes in 2014

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Hazardous waste management in Poland current
state, statistics, forecast

• Waste type
• waste including PCB
• waste oil
• batteries and accumulators
• waste including asbestos
• pesticides

• waste from electrical and electronic equipment
• end-of-life vehicles
• medical and vet wastes
• waste of explosive materials
• hazardous waste in domestic waste

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Hazardous waste management in Poland current
state, statistics, forecast

• Accounts for around 1 of the total waste
  produced in Poland
• The 6th Community Environmental Action Program -
  the quantity of hazardous waste generated will be
  reduced by 20 by the year 2010, compared to
  2000.
• The total amount of hazardous waste produced in
  Poland is nearly 16 lower than in the base year
  2000

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Hazardous waste management in Poland current
state, statistics, forecast

• In 2004 hazardous waste was managed mainly
  through methods other than landfilling (45) and
  by recovery (36)
• In 2001 almost 5 of all hazardous waste produced
  was landfilled, while the same figure for 2004
  equals as much as 17
• The phenomenon is quite worrying, as it increases
  the environmental risk

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Hazardous waste management in Poland current
state, statistics, forecast
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Hazardous waste management in Poland current
state, statistics, forecast Structure of
hazardous waste management from industrial
processes and services - 1.46 m tonnes
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Hazardous waste management in Poland current
state, statistics, forecast

• Current problems !!!
• Hazardous waste in domestic waste turned to
  municipal landfills
• Chemicals (waste) which were used in school
  laboratories

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Hazardous waste included in a municipal waste -
production and plan of their collection of 2006
2014
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Methods of hazardous waste treatment in Poland

• Installations for treatement of hazardous waste
• (state on 2007 year)
• 6 installations for recovery of batteries
• 48 incinerations for vet and medical waste
  (in hospitals)
• 34 landfills for hazardous waste
• 58 installations for processing and dismantling
  waste from electrical and electronic equipment
• 26 landfills with separate parts for asbestos
  waste
• 445 end-of-life vehicles dismantling plants

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Methods of hazardous waste treatment in
Poland

• Installation for recovery of hazardous waste
  (incineration) - LOBBE Company in Dabrowa
  Górnicza (Silesia, the Southern Poland where the
  industry is concentrated)
• This installation meets requirements of law
• Company has got IPPC permit

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Methods of hazardous waste treatment in Poland

• Installation for recovery of hazardous
• waste (incineration) - LOBBE Company
• Thermal installation for neutralization of
  hazardous waste with recovery of heat
• Opened in 2003
• The most modern such kind of installation in
  Poland
• Producer of installation the German company
  Steinmüller
• Capacity 3.3 tonnes per hour (26.4 thousand
  tonnes per year)
• The cost 17.5 million
• Financing own finance of the enterprise and the
  Regional Fund for Environmental Protection in
  Silesia

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Methods of hazardous waste treatment in Poland

• Installation for recovery of hazardous
• waste (incineration) - LOBBE Company
• The installation works continuously.
• According to the IPPC permit the installation can
  neutralize 742 kinds of waste including 339 types
  of hazardous waste
• Waste which are mainly neutralized preservatives
  and impregnants for wood / timber, solvents,
  paints / inks / dyes, pigments, plastics / PCV,
  waste oils, PCB, packaging, sewage sludge,
  medicine and pharmaceuticals, waste included
  chlorine, sulphur, heavy metals.
• The heart of installation - rotary furnace
  Steinmüller
• Maximum thermal power - 13 MWth
• Maximum temperature 1350 C, operational
  temperature 850 1250 C

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Methods of hazardous waste treatment in Poland

• Installation for recovery of hazardous waste
  EKOPAL Company in Szczecin (West-Pomeranian
  Region)
• This installation meets requirements of law
• Technology thermal neutralization and cement
• Company has got the IPPC permit

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Methods of hazardous waste treatment in Poland

• The recovery facility for oil wastewater and
  water from washing ship holds (Spólka Wodna
  Miedzyodrze) in Szczecin seaport
• This installation meets requirements of law
• Company has got the IPPC permit

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Methods of hazardous waste treatment in Poland

• Using of asbestos is prohibited in Poland from
  1997
• Picture - Building of additional sections for
  asbestos waste on existing landfill
  (West-Pomeranian Region)
• Only methods of asbestos waste neutralization is
  disposal
• Asbestos waste are dispose in special safety for
  environment sacks (big bags) or with concrete.
  Next step 2 metres of soil

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Possibilities of minimizing
of hazardous waste production

• National ecological policy 2010
• Reduction in source
• Modification of devices
• Changes of technological processes
• Introduction of ecological products into a market
• Ecological design of products

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Hazardous waste management in Poland

• Needs
• Investments
• Law changes
• Organizational changes in system
• National ecological policy 2010
• 2010 build national system for recovery of
  hazardous waste

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Hazardous waste management in Poland - needs

• Building of one hazardous waste incineration
  plant (capacity 20 thousand tonnes per year)
• Building of one country-wide landfill for
  hazardous waste (capacity 500 thousand tonnes)
• Building of 40 landfills for asbestos waste or
  building additional sections on existing
  landfills (capacity 6.6 million tonnes)
• Building of one installation for coolers
  utilization
• Building of one site for decontamination of
  transformers including PCB
• Building of one automatic installation for
  electronic devices processing

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Hazardous waste management until 2014 - necessary
costs

• Collection and reloading sites (building)
  44 million 18 million
• Incineration plants and landfills (building or
  modernization) 250 million
• Total cost of collection and recovery
  of hazardous waste (2003 2014) 3.5
  billion

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The Polish Inspection for Environmental
Protection

• Tasks and responsibilities
• Control enterprises and installations - their
  compliance with the environmental protection
  regulations
• Examination of quality and observation and
  assessment of condition of the natural
  environment, as well as changes occurring in
  environment
• Initiation of actions to create conditions for
  prevention and removal of effects of major
  accidents

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on hazardous waste
  management carried out by Polish Inspection for
  Environmental Protection
• Management of waste oil
• Recycling sites for waste from electrical and
  electronic equipment
• End-of-life vehicles dismantling sites
• Using special dangerous for environment
  substances PCBs and asbestos
• Obsolete stocks of pesticides (concrete
  constructions, remains from communism period)
• Neutralization of medical and vet waste

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on management of waste
  oil
• Companies producing waste oil
• Companies recovering waste oil
• Inspections included 5 of companies in Poland
• Year 2003
• Country-wide range 16 regional inspectorates
• Set-up compare results of inspections in 2002

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on management of waste oil
  
• Figures
• 6,000 companies have got permit to producing
  of waste oil
• 270 companies permit to collection of waste oil
• 50 companies permit to recovering of waste oil

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on management of waste oil
• Previous inspections - 2002
• Lack of permits to hazardous waste producing
  (in some cases)
• Different categories of hazardous waste were
  mixed (in some cases)

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on management of waste oil
• Inspections - 2003
• The level of obeying of environmental law is very
  different
• Some part of installations do not meet
  requirements of environmental protection law -
  these installations had to be modernized or
  closed
• General conclusion - waste oil at first should be
  recycled (by regeneration), but in practice many
  (small) companies use waste oil to recovery of
  heat

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on installations for
  processing and dismantling waste from electrical
  and electronic equipment
• 2006 year
• New act in Poland act on waste from electrical
  and electronic equipment (July 2005)
• The basis to establish a system for waste from
  electrical and electronic equipment management
• Duties for regional inspectorates inspection in
  each recycling sites for waste from electrical
  and electronic equipment one a year

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on installations for
  processing and dismantling waste from electrical
  and electronic equipment
• Inspections - 2006
• Aims of inspections
• to assess of harmony existing sites with new
  legislation on electrical and electronic waste
• to identify significant problems
• Inspections as instructions/training (because of
  new law)

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Results of inspections on installations for
  processing and dismantling waste from electrical
  and electronic equipment
• Conclusions
• Generally sites meet requirements of
  environmental law
• In bigger sites situation is better, in smaller -
  worse

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Inspections on installations for neutralization
• of medical and vet waste
• 2 ways of neutralization incineration and
  autoclave (container used for steam sterilisation
  and chemical reactions at high temperature)
• In the middle of 2005 legislation concerning
  recovering of medical and vet waste and
  undertaking of emission measurement and limits of
  emission were changed
• Reason transposition of the Directive
  2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste into
  Polish law

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Inspections on installations for neutralization
• of medical and vet waste
• Aims of inspections
• Establishing of existing installations number
• Inspection of their operations activities
• Comparing current situation with situation from
  1999 year (last country-wide inspections)

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Control of hazardous waste management

• Inspections on installations for neutralization
• of medical and vet waste
• The level of obeying of environmental law is very
  different
• Some installations do not meet requirements of
  environmental protection law and the Directive
  2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste
• These installations had to be modernized or closed

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Control of hazardouswaste management

• Inspections on obsolete stocks of pesticides
• Storage sites have concrete constructions
• Remains from communism period
• Project of liquidation of storage for toxic
  substances (from agricultures) in West Pomeranian
  Region (Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship)

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Control of hazardous waste managementInspections
on obsolete stocks of pesticides

• In total 39 storages in the Region
• 1. phase 2001 2002 liquidation of 11
  storages
• 2. phase ? liquidation of others (it depends
  on funds)
• Waste were recovered in incinerations in Germany
  and in the Netherlands

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Last conclusions

• EU legislation on hazardous waste management has
  been adopted into Polish law and has been
  implemented
• The Inspection for Environmental Protection in
  Poland has taken actions to enforce the law
• Poland need new installations to recovering of
  hazardous waste
• Existing installations have to be modernised

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• Thank you for your attention.
• Malgorzata Kolodziej-Nowakowska
• Manager of Environmental Protection Department
• Polish Energy Group Dolna Odra Power Plants
  Group
• 74-105 Nowe Czarnowo 76
• POLAND
• Phone [phone] Mobile phone 48 785
  85 00 03
• Fax [phone]
• E-mail mkolodziej-nowakowska_at_dolnaodra.com.pl