A survey of Accompanied Driving Martina Hendrix, CIECA

1
A survey of Accompanied DrivingMartina
Hendrix, CIECA
CIECA-VdTUEV Accompanied Driving workshopBerlin,
December 14 2006
2
1. Aims

• Overview of different types of accompanied
  driving models
• Raise relevant questions
• More detail to follow in subsequent speeches

3
2. Where is Accompanied Driving allowed?

• Austria
• Belgium
• Estonia
• Finland
• France
• Germany
• Great Britain
• Ireland
• Italy
• In 13 / 16 of Germanys federal states

• Latvia
• Luxembourg
• Malta
• Northern Ireland
• Norway
• Slovenia
• Spain
• Sweden
• Switzerland

4
3. Where is Accompanied Driving NOT allowed?

• Czech Republic
• Denmark
• Greece
• Hungary (abolished 1993)
• Lithuania (abolished 2000)
• Netherlands (abolished 1974)
• Poland
• Portugal
• Slovakia

5
4. Different accompanied driving models

• 1. Traditional accompanied driving small
  amounts of practice, basically to pass the test
  (e.g. United Kingdom, Belgium)
• 2. Accompanied driving for quantity training
• 2.1 Informal models (e.g. Sweden, Norway)
  encouragement to train more
• 2.2 Combined models (e.g. Frances AAC, Austrias
  L17) voluntary programmes with minimum
  requirements for driving school training
  accompanied practice (mileage target)
• 2.3 Post-test accompanied practice for quantity
  training (e.g. voluntary programme in Germany)
• 2.4 Graduated licensing model (e.g. North America
  / Australasia) minimum learner timeframe,
  minimum driving hours requirement
• normally in combination with driving school
  lessons

6
5. Quantity / volume training

• Accumulating considerable driving experience, in
  safe conditions
• Inexperience a major risk factor for novice
  drivers
• Different ways of encouraging quantity training

7
6. Measures to encourage (safe) quantity training

• Starting to train earlier lowering the minimum
  age (Sweden, Norway)
• Mileage targets (Frances AAC, Austrias L17
  3000kms)
• Minimum training hours (Victoria, Australia 120
  hours, 2007)
• Minimum learner training period ( 12 months in
  Canada)
• Earlier licensing, post-test accompanied period
  (Germanys FS mit 17)
• Awareness-building measures

8
7. Support for learners / accompanying persons

• Guidelines/support for accompanying persons
• handbooks (Great Britain)
• joint sessions with instructor and learner driver
  (France, Austria)
• mandatory training course (Sweden 3 hours)
• Facilitating accompanied driving for learner
  drivers
• Networks of volunteer-accompanying persons
  (France, Belgium, Australia) where parents/family
  are not available.

9
8. Popularity of accompanied driving
Driving school training, whether voluntary /
obligatory, is taken in addition to accompanied
driving in the vast majority of countries.
10
9. Popularity of accompanied driving (2)
11
10. Safety requirements

• ACCOMPANYING PERSON
• Most common
• Driving licence holdership
• Minimum age / driving experience
• Clean driving licence
• Other examples
• ? Mandatory induction course
• ? Formal application process
• ? Joint sessions with instructor / learner

• VEHICLE
• Most common
• L ( learner) Plates
• Other examples
• ? Extra mirror
• ? Extra brake
• ? Extra clutch

12
11. Accompanied driving as a post-licensing
measure

• Germany test 1 year accompanied driving
• Israel test 3 months accompanied driving
• Still practising in safe conditions (like
  pre-test models)
• Restriction during high-risk post-test period
  (prevention of typical risky situations?)

13
12. CONCLUSIONS

• Over half of European countries allow accompanied
  driving
• Aim practising to drive in safe circumstances
  (generally in combination with driving school
  lessons)
• Novelty accompanied driving as a post-test
  measure (Germany)
• Participation varies considerably from one
  country to another, as does the mileage covered
• Several countries have introduced measures to
  encourage accompanied driving / quantity training
• No obligatory quantity training measures in
  Europe yet
• Administrative aspects finding a balance between
  safety (vehicle/accompanying person) and mobility
  (accompanied driving)

14
13. QUESTIONS

• How effective is quantity training (accident
  reductions)?
• How safe is the accompanied driving period?
• Could longer training periods encourage a
  dependency on cars? (as opposed to other modes of
  transport)?
• Could quantity training lead to overconfidence?
• Accompanying measures what should be combined
  with quantity training?