ARC-IONS - First results from a North American Strategic Network

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• ARC-IONS - First results from a North American
  Strategic Network
• David W. Tarasick
• Experimental Studies, Air Quality Research
  Division
• A.M. Thompson (PSU), S.J. Oltmans (NOAA),
• G. Forbes (EC-MSC), J. Merrill (UNH)
• NASA Aura Validation (M.J. Kurylo K.W. Jucks)
  ARCTAS (J. Crawford)
• J. Davies, R. Mittermeier, W. Hocking, J. Witte
• G. Liu, C. Sioris, H. He, M.K. Osman, T.
  Carey-Smith
• L.B.J. McArthur, C. Banic K. Puckett (EC)
• The Green Horse Society, and most especially all
  the many observers who obtained the ozonesonde
  measurements at the ARC-IONS sites.

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Rationale

• Ozone soundings are the major source of
  information on ozone amounts in the free
  troposphere, capable of precise (3-5)
  measurements of ozone with 100m vertical
  resolution. While regular network soundings
  (typically weekly) produce valuable data, such
  soundings are often too sparse, both in space and
  time, to answer some scientific questions.
• Strategic networks are designed to answer
  specific scientific questions, typically with
  dense networks of daily launches that have
  sufficient resolution in space and time to
  resolve atmospheric dynamic variability. Launches
  can be coordinated, often with collocated
  aircraft or satellite measurements.

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ARC-IONS Sites
13 sites in Canada 5 in US 1 in Greenland
Largest ozonesonde intensive ever in Canada
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TES / ARCIONS comparison. Summary of stare
results for Bratts Lake, April 18th, 2008. Cloud
is optically thin. Sonde results show 5 - 10
bias at Barrow and 15 bias at Bratts Lake. 15
bias is consistent with lidar results.
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Walsingham windprofiler radar
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Double tropopause
An example of a double tropopause observed at
Churchill on April 18th, 2008. This event is due
to a large poleward intrusion of subtropical
tropospheric air and was forecast by the START08
project at NCAR (L. Pan, personal communication).
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Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study
(ARC-IONS) 2008

• Cooperation with NASA project Arctic Research of
  the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft
  and Satellites (ARCTAS), in April and July 2008
  over northern Canada.
• Objectives
• studies of boundary layer ozone depletions
  resulting from halogens released from sea salt
  deposited on Arctic sea ice
• evaluation of the role of stratosphere/troposphere
  exchange (STE) in the spring buildup of
  tropospheric ozone
• the contribution to the tropospheric ozone budget
  from boreal forest fires and the extent of fire
  emission influence on a trans-continental scale
  and beyond
• validation of Aura (TES, OMI) at high latitudes
  of GEM-MACH, for ozone STE, and forest fire
  models.

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Arctic Surface Ozone Depletions

• Arctic sites showed modest ozone depletion in the
  surface boundary layer throughout the spring
  campaign

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Arctic Surface Ozone Depletions

• This was occasionally severe.

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Tarasick and Bottenheim, ACP, 2, 197205, 2002.
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Sea ice? Temperature trends?
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Backtrajectories for the sonde launches of April
17th, 2008. These appear to correlate with the
large amounts of BrO observed by the OMI
instrument on April 16th, 2008. However, in other
examples this relationship is less clear.
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite BrO?
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite BrO?
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite BrO?
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Do O3 depletions correlate with satellite BrO?
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Ozone from the stratosphere?
M.K. Osman, UWO
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FLEXPART modeling seems to show good
correspondence with apparent intrusions
Intrusions associated with jumps in tropopause
height
T. Carey-Smith, NIWA
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TES Measurements Eureka
H. He, UWO/ARQX
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Radar tropopause height vs Brewer ozone
H. He, UWO/ARQX
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T. Carey-Smith NIWA
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Ozonesonde Climatology
Hysplit forward and back- trajectories applied to
ozone soundings fill in the NA map

• G. Liu, ARQX

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Ozonesonde Climatology
Correlations between OMI and trajectory-mapped
ozone soundings at different altitudes
- 3 hrs, Aug 2006
- 3 hrs, Mar-May, 2006

• G. Liu, ARQX

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Ozonesonde Climatology

• G. Liu, ARQX

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Ozonesonde Climatology

• G. Liu, ARQX

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• ARCTAS Data Workshop, January 27-30, Virginia
  Beach
• Spring AGU Meeting 24-27 May, 2009 (Toronto)
  Session A10 Processes over Midlatitude North
  America and the Arctic (2008) Observed from
  Satellite and Field Campaigns Abstract
  deadline 4 March 2009, 2359 UT.
• MST12 (Radar) Workshop 17 - 23 May, 2009 London,
  Ontario http//www.mst12.com/ Session
  Tropopause processes and Stratospheric/Tropospheri
  c Exchange Abstract deadline Friday January
  23, 2009.

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Thank you!
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• Highlights of three IONS campaigns
• IONS-04 2004, mostly eastern North America 275
  profiles, largest single set of free tropospheric
  ozone measurements ever compiled (as of 2004) for
  this region. Coordinated AQ model comparison,
  aircraft surface measurements.
• IONS-06 2006, three phases with 23 sites 740
  profiles. Coordinated AQ model comparison,
  aircraft surface measurements. Validation of
  TES, OMI, MLS, ACE measurements coordination
  with Aura ACE overpasses.
• ARC-IONS (2008) Canada, Alaska and the lower
  U.S.. Two phases with 18 sites, mostly daily
  profiles. Coordination with NASA aircraft
  flights. Validation of TES, OMI, MLS, ACE
  measurements coordination with Aura ACE
  overpasses. Coordination with special TES
  Step-and-stare observations.
• Also new tropospheric ozone lidars in operation
  at Egbert (Toronto) and Eureka aerosol optical
  depth (AOD) measurements from the Canadian
  AERONet and Brewer networks, and an aerosol lidar
  deployed near Yellowknife. Radar measurements of
  tropopause height to detect stratospheric
  intrusions, and to measure wave activity and
  turbulence strengths associated with intrusion
  events. Modeling studies using GEM-MACH,
  GEM-FLEXPART and other systems, in order both to
  validate the models and to interpret the data.

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H. He, UWO/ARQX
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M.K. Osman, UWO
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Ozonesonde Climatology

• G. Liu, ARQX

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IONS Publications (gt24 to date)

• Unique data sets provided by coordinated
  intensive ozone profile measurements
• tropospheric ozone processes contribution to
  ozone budget model comparisons (Cooper et al.,
  2006 2007 Thompson et al., 2007a,b Tarasick et
  al., 2007 Pfister et al., 2008 Tang et al.,
  2008)
• pollution plumes from boreal forest fires (Morris
  et al., 2006), New York City (Mao et al., 2006).
  
• stratospheric intrusions the tropopause
  behaviour preceeding them (Hocking et al., 2007).
  
• validation of satellite measurements (Parrington
  et al., 2007 Stajner et al., 2007 Schoeberl
  et al., 2007 Nassar et al., 2007 Jiang et
  al., 2007 Dupuy et al., 2007 Livingston et
  al., 2007 Nardi et al., 2007) and of models
  (Chai et al., 2007 Pierce et al., 2007 Yu et
  al., 2007).

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Sea ice? Temperature trends?
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Ozonesonde Climatology

• G. Liu, ARQX

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EC Regional AQ models AURAMS CHRONOS compared
with IONS-04 sonde data

• forecast errors 25-75
• low bias in upper troposphere
• GEM-MACH global, full stratosphere

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Comparison of GEOS-Chem with Ozonesonde Data
Wallops (76W, 38N) 19 July 2005
Churchill (95W, 58N) 20 July 2005
Assimilation improves the O3 distribution in the
UTLS region
Pressure (hPa)
Pressure (hPa)
Ozone (ppb)
Ozone (ppb)
Wallops (76W, 38N) 26 July 2005
Eureka (85W, 80N) 20 July 2005
O3 plume is redistributed throughout column in
assimilation
Pressure (hPa)
Pressure (hPa)
Ozone (ppb)
Ozone (ppb)
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Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange
AM2-Chem ozone (120W 2100 GMT, July 26)
AM2-Chem ozone analysis
GEOS-Chem ozone (120W 2100 GMT, July 26)
GEOS-Chem ozone analysis
Stratospheric intrusion at 40ºN more pronounced
in both models following assimilation
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Tropospheric Ozone DIAL - First ResultsARC-IONS
Campaign
Generated a DIAL ozone profile for full day and 2
hours centred at ozonesonde launch time Generally
not much difference between full and coincident
profiles DIAL shows similar features to
ozonesonde profile, does not show an increase in
ozone concentration with altitude
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H. He, UWO/ARQX