The Hawaiian Islands are the tops of gigantic volcanic mountains, Shield Volcanoes, formed by countl

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The Hawaiian Islands are the tops of gigantic
volcanic mountains, Shield Volcanoes, formed by
countless eruptions of fluid lava over several
million years some tower more than 9,000 meters
(30,000 feet) above the sea floor. These volcanic
peaks rising above the ocean surface represent
only the tiny, visible part of an immense
submarine ridge, the Hawaiian Ridge--Emperor
Seamount Chain, composed of more than 80 large
volcanoes.
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The Hawaiian Islands are the tops of gigantic
volcanic mountains formed by countless eruptions
of fluid lava over several million years some
tower more than 9,000 meters (30,000 feet) above
the sea floor. These volcanic peaks rising above
the ocean surface represent only the tiny,
visible part of an immense submarine ridge, the
Hawaiian Ridge--Emperor Seamount Chain, composed
of more than 80 large volcanoes.
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Origin of the Hawaiian Islands
Islands exist only because of nearly continuous
volcanic activity. All of the prominent features
of the Hawaiian Islands, such as Diamond Head on
Oahu, Haleakala Crater on Maui, and the huge
masses of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea on the Big
Island, are volcanic.
volcanic.
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for molten rock (and contained gases) that
breaks through the Earth's surface, and
for the molten rock underground
Lava
Magma
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The age progression of the Hawaiian Islands was
recognized by the early Hawaiians and
incorporated into legends. Stearns (1946)
recognized and defined the stages of development
of the islands despite an incomplete knowledge of
the submarine history of the volcanoes, accurate
dating methods, and chemical data for the
basalts. The stages recognized by geologists have
undergone only minor modifications over the last
few decades (Peterson and Moore, 1987).
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Environments of Magma Formation Hot spots
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Intrusive versus Extrusive Rock Bodies