HEADQUARTERS MARINE CORPS MOBILIZATION PROCESS

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HEADQUARTERS MARINE CORPSMOBILIZATION PROCESS
IDEAMATICS, Inc. [phone] email
USMCSupport_at_ideamatics.net
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MISSION of the MARINE CORPS RESERVE

• To provide trained/qualified units
  individuals for augmentation/reinforcement of the
  Active Component in times of war or national
  emergency
• AUGMENT Provide trained equipped Reserve
  units, detachments of those units, and/or
  qualified individuals to active force commands to
  bring those commands to the level required for
  war or national emergency
• REINFORCE Provide trained and equipped
  Reserve units or detachments of those units to
  active force commands. Reinforcement provides
  increased depth or additional capabilities
  required for an operational mission, national
  emergency, or in time of war

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Marine Corps Total Force Concept

• Marine Corps Core Competencies include
• RESERVE INTEGRATION EXPERTISE
• Ready, rapidly responsive Marine Reserve forces
  are a vital part of the Marine Corps and provide
  depth, flexibility, and sustainment. They are
  fully integrated into the active forces for
  mission accomplishment across the complex
  spectrum of crises and conflicts.
• The Marine Corps Reserve efficiently augments,
  in both peace and war, the active component
  effectively creating a seamless total force that
  is ready when called upon.
• Concepts and Issues 2001

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Total Force Integration

• All Selected Marine Corps Reserve (SMCR) units
  included in task organization for warplans
• Deployment plans include all SMCR units.
• Deployment support operations dependent on
  Reserve augmentation
• Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMA)
  integrated into Service HQs, Force HQs, and
  Marine Air Ground Task Force Command Elements
• Pre-trained Individual Manpower (PIM) required as
  Individual Augments for CINCs, Operating Forces,
  supporting establishment, and casualty
  replacement.

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Headquarters Marine Corps Organization
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MOBILIZATION SEQUENCE Initiation

• Initiation of Reserve Requirement
• CINC Generated
• Deliberate Planning PRC on C-Day Partial Mob on
  D-day
• Crisis Response/Time Sensitive Planning
  Requirement for specific capabilities
  (units/individuals)
• Request made to SECDEF, info CJCS, Supporting
  CINCs, Services
• Service Generated
• Activation/Mobilization required to provide
  capability to meet CINCs requirement
• Service requests SECDEF gain POTUS approval for
  mobilization/activation of Reserves

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DELIBERATE PLANNING PROCESS IDENTIFYING
REFINING THE RESERVE REQUIREMENT

• - Defense Planning Guidance (SECDEF)
• - Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (CJCS,
  J-5)
• - Plan Initiation by CINC
• - Concept Development
• - Supported CINC Total Force Requirement
  - Plan Development
• - Doctrinal Review by JPEC
• - Draft Plan, incl App. 5, Annex
  A
• - Draft TPFDD (incl RC units)
• - Plan Review by JPEC
• - OPLAN w/App. 5, Annex A
• - TPFDD (inc RC units)
• - Supporting Plans

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CRISIS ACTION PLANNING RESERVE REQUIREMENT

• CRISIS SITUATION DEVELOPS
• - Reserve requirement determined during
  planning process
• - COA selection CINC submits Total Force
  requirements
• - Draft TPFDD w/App. 5, Annex A
• - Deployment Execution Planning
• - Final TPFDD/ App. 5, Annex A
• - Deployment Execution
• - Total Reserve Requirement
• - REQUEST MOBILIZATION

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MOBILIZATION-DECISION MAKING PROCESS

• - Mobilization requested by CINC/Service
• - Review/refine/revalidate RC requirement
• - Joint Staff makes recommendations to
  CJCS
• - JS 136 prepared/routed for
  review/input (NMCC)
• - CJCS reviews/initiates approval process
• - CJCS letter to SECDEF requesting mob
  
• - SECDEF reviews, forwards to POTUS
• - POTUS invokes legal authority to
  order RC to Active Duty

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MOBILIZATION-DOCUMENTS FOR THE
MOBILIZATION/CALLUP DECISION

• A complete Mobilization/callup Decision Package
  includes
• Joint Staff Form 136 cover sheet
• CJCS memo to SECDEF
• SECDEF memo to POTUS with four enclosures
• Letter to the Speaker of the House
• Letter to President of Senate
• Draft Executive Order for callup
• Draft Executive Order for stop-loss (if required)
• Draft SECDEF memo to Service Secretaries
• Draft SECDEF memo to SECTRANS and/or Coast
  Guard

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MOBLIZATION SEQUENCEHQMC Actions

• PPO has lead for HQMC (Plans during peacetime
  Operations upon mobilization
• Convene HQMC Mobilization Working Group to
• Review Reserve Requirement
• Determine apportionment numbers
• Operating Forces, Supporting Establishment, HQMC,
  etc
• Apportionment numbers provided to J4 Deployment
  Division
• Determine if Stop-Loss is required
• Determine other actions required
• MARINE CORPS MOBILIZATION MANAGEMENT PLAN (MPLAN)
  IS THE GUIDE

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MOBILIZATION SEQUENCEHQMC Actions (cont)

• President signs Executive Order authorizing
  mobilization.
• SECDEF delegates authority to mobilize Reservists
  to Service Secretaries
• SECNAV delegates mobilization authority to
  CNO/CMC
• Stop-loss authority, if required, follows similar
  procedures.
• MRA (MP) drafts TOTAL FORCE MANPOWER GUIDANCE
  FOR (PRC or PARTIAL) MOB message
• Staffed through HQMC Mob Working Group
• Format contained in MPLAN
• MRA (MP) drafts TOTAL FORCE STOP-LOSS GUIDANCE
  FOR OPERATION XXXXXX message (if required)
• Staffed through HQMC Mob Working Group
• Format contained in MPLAN

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MOBILIZATION SEQUENCEHQMC Actions (cont)

• PPO (PO) drafts PRESIDENTIAL SELECTED RESERVE
  CALL-UP ORDER XXX (sequential ) or PARTIAL
  MOBILIZATION CALLUP ORDER XXX (sequential )
  (format in MPLAN)
• COMMARFORRES identifies units to activate
• USMC Component Commander designated as Gaining
  Force Commander
• CNO for coordination of Navy Reserve support
  requirements
• COMMARCORBASESPAC/LANT for mobilization/deployme
  nt support, as required
• INFO Supported/ Supporting CINCs, Supporting
  Components
• MRA (MP) drafts CIVILIAN MOBILIZATION GUIDANCE
  FOR OPERATION XXXXXX (if required) (format in
  MPLAN)

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MOBILIZATION ACTIONSCommand Control

• CJCS Deployment Order establishes command
  relationships, identifies Supported and
  Supporting CINC, other info as required (airlift
  priority, funding, etc)
• Trigger Point for establishing a fund cite with
  HQMC PR if SECDEF has not already designated as
  contingency
• USCINCJFCOM exercises Combatant Command (Command
  Authority)(COCOM) of activated SMCR unit
• COMMARFORLANT, as USMC component commander to
  USCINCJFCOM, exercises command of activated SMCR
  unit.

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MOBILIZATION ACTIONSCommand Control (cont)

• As directed by USCINCJFCOM, COMMARFORLANT directs
  deployment/ deployment support operations and
  transfer of the activated SMCR unit to
  operational control (OPCON) of the Gaining Force
  Commander
• USCINCJFCOM retains COCOM of activated SMCR units

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ROLES RESPONSIBILITIES

• Mobilization is Service Responsibility
• U.S.C. Title 10, Sec 5042 HQMC furnishes
  assistance to CMC for ... mobilizing and
  demobilizing...
• U.S.C. Title 10, Sec 10173 COMMARFORRES reports
  directly to CMC
• USCINCJFCOM
• Joint Force Provider
• Joint Force Integrator
• Joint Deployment Process Owner
• Reserve Support Units (RSU)
• Assist with mobilization/integration of Reserves
  as directed by COMMARFORBASESLANT/PAC through CG
  of Base/Station

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DEFINITIONS

• Assignment The Forces for Unified Commands Memo
  assigns all operating forces of the USMC to a
  CINC. All operational units of MFR are assigned
  to USCINCJFCOM.
• RC forces COCOM when activated/mobilized
• TRO during peacetime
• Apportionment 1) Forces are apportioned in the
  JSCP for deliberate planning by the CINCs. 2)
  number of Reservists that a Service requires to
  be recalled
• Allocation During execution, forces that will
  be deployed/employed

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ASSIGNMENTCOCOM/TRO

• Per U.S.C. Title 10, Sec 162, all operating
  forces assigned to a CINC
• Operating forces of MARFORRES assigned to
  USCINCJFCOM
• SMCR units fall under the Combatant Command
  (Command Authority) (COCOM) of USCINCJFCOM upon
  activation/mobilization
• Command normally exercised via the Service
  Component Commander COMMARFORLANT
• Activated SMCR unit will be deployed and
  transferred to the OPCON of the gaining
  commander (CINC, Component, MEF)
• Training and Readiness Oversight (TRO)
  Authority that CINC exercises over assigned RC
  forces when not on active duty and when on active
  duty for training (SECDEF MEMO Assignment of
  Forces, Sep 96)
• Normally exercised through the CINCs Service
  Component Cmdr

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What Training and Readiness Oversight Is

• TRO includes authority to
• 1. Provide guidance to Service component
  commanders on operational requirements and
  priorities to be a addressed in Military
  Department training and readiness programs.
• 2. Comment on Service Component program
  recommendations and budget requests.
• 3. Coordinate and approve participation by
  assigned RC forces in joint exercises and other
  joint training when on active duty for training
  or performing inactive duty for training.
• 4. Obtain and review readiness and inspection
  reports on assigned RC forces.
• 5. Coordinate and review mobilization plans
  (including post-mobilization training activities
  and deployability validation procedures)
  developed for assigned RC forces.

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What Training and Readiness Oversight Is Not

• TRO is not a Command Relationship
• TRO is not COCOM of non-mobilized SMCR units
• USCINCJFCOM does not budget/POM for SMCR
• USCINCJFCOM does not approve Annual Training
• TRO is not readiness or inspection authority
• TRO is not Mobilization Plan approval authority

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Mobilization within Force Deployment Planning
Execution
Mobilization
Move to destination
Move to Port of Debarkation
Move to Port of Embarkation
Allocate to lift/load plan
Tailor requirements
Validate movement requirements
Source requirements
Phase deployment flow
Determine requirements
Concept of operations
Receive analyze mission
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The Road to War

• SMCR UNITS
• (All processing will be done by the Unit at the
  Reserve Training Center.)
• Reserve Training Center (RTC)
• (COCOM to USJFCOM)

Gaining Force Commander OPCON
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The Road to War

• INDIVIDUAL MOBILIZATION AUGMENTEE (IMA)
• -all processing done by Marine Corps Reserve
  Support Command (MCRSC)
• -already assigned and trained to fill a specific
  billet

Home of Record (HOR)
Gaining Command
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The Road to War
PRETRAINED INDIVIDUAL MANPOWER (PIM) based
on geographic considerations, MOS, location of
gaining command
Home of Record
Initial Mobilization Processing Center (I-MPC)
Mobilization Processing Center (MPC)
Individual Replacement Training (IRT)
Gaining Command -Mob Infrastructure -Combat
Replacement Pool (CRP) -Supporting Establishment
Backfill, etc
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Mobilization of the Pretrained Individual
Manpower (PIM)
Mobilization Assignment Data from CMC

• MARFORRES
• Update Marine Corps Total Force System
• - Load Marine Corps Mobilization Processing System

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Initial Mobilization Processing Centers (IMPC)
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Initial Mobilization Processing Center (IMPC)

• Screen PIM and conduct minimum processing
• Managed by Mobilization Support Team (MST)
• IMAs and pre-assigned PIM
• Under command of CG, Marine Corps Reserve Support
  Command (MCRSC)
• Functional Responsibilities
• Mobilization and screening of Individual Ready
  Reservists (Wartime)
• Conduct periodic Individual Ready Reserve muster
  (Peacetime)

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Mobilization Processing Center (MPC)
Quantico
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Mobilization Processing CenterOrganization
Functions

• When directed by CMC, Reserve Support Units at
  bases/stations become Mobilization Support
  Battalions (MSB)
• MSB establishes Mobilization Processing Center
  (MPC) for processing the Pre-trained Individual
  Manpower (PIM)
• All PIM that are activated as combat replacements
  will be assigned to the Combat Replacement Pool
  (CRP)
• Replacement requirements are based on component
  commanders casualty estimation
• Initial combat replacements sourced from AC
• Upon Partial Mobilization replacements sourced
  from Individual Ready Reserve, AC, and retirees.

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Mobilization Processing CenterOrganization
Functions (cont)

• CMC orders individual combat replacements report
  to MPC Combat Replacement Pool
• Group of 250 Marines formed into Combat
  Replacement Companies (CRC)
• Similar MOS and experience level
• CRC undergoes required individual training
• Upon completion of training CRC returns to Combat
  Replacement Pool
• CRC is an administrative grouping it is not a
  tactical unit
• CRC, or portions of it, are deployed to theater
  as required

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Individual Replacement Training

• Combat Refresher Training (CRT)
• - 15 Day Period of Instruction
• - Conducted at School of Infantry (SOI)
• Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) Refresher
  Training
• - As required
• - Conducted by Training and Education Command
• Anti-terrorism/Force Protection Training
• - All must go!
• Theater Specific Training (TST)
• - All must go!

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United States Marine Corps

• A versatile, Expeditionary Force in
  readiness...A balanced Force for a Naval Campaign
  and a Ground and Air Striking Force...Always at a
  high state of combat readiness...Ready to
  suppress or contain international disturbances
  short of war...To be the most ready when the
  nation generally is least ready.
• House Armed Services Committee
• Congress of the United States, 1952

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MOBILIZATION FOR N.E./E.F

• SO...WHAT REALLY HAPPENED...?

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MOBILIZATION FOR N.E./E.F

• CJCS decision to request Partial Mob made late
  PM, 11 Sep.
• J4 Mob Div began building JS 136 approx 0300, 12
  Sep initially, no Service apportionment
  required.
• Approx 0600, 12 Sep CJCS directed J4 to get
  Service apportionment
• Initial USMC number of 5,000 to support N.E.
  increased to 7,500 prior to formal staffing of JS
  136.
• President signed E.O on 14 Sep
• SECDEF authorized Service Secretaries to mobilize
  Reserves on 14 Sep
• SECNAV authorized CNO/CMC to mobilized Reserves
  on 15 Sep
• USD, PR Memo on Mob/Demob issued on 20 Sep
• MRA MARADMIN 440/01 on Partial Mob Guidance
  release on 20 Sep

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Policies/Decisions/Issues Affecting Mobilization

• Initial USMC apportionment based on potential HLD
  missions (Noble Eagle).
• Initial challenge Force Protection
• Major change in Reserve requirements
• T/Os no longer include FP requirements
  validatioin/sourcing/tracking difficulties
• No use of volunteers volunteers for invol
  only.
• Precludes use of volunteers from units for IA
  requirements.
• Everyone counts against the cap.
• Use of vol data base vice running the invol
  model.
• USD PR everyone gets Per Diem.
• Command Relationships for activated units.

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Questions?