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Ornamental Plant Selection and Care Section 4: A Selection of Trees and Shrubs for Oklahoma

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Title: Ornamental Plant Selection and Care Section 4: A Selection of Trees and Shrubs for Oklahoma


1
Ornamental Plant Selection and CareSection 4 A
Selection of Trees and Shrubs for Oklahoma
2
Shrubs for Oklahoma
  • Seek year round beauty when possible
  • Avoid overpruning shrubs
  • Certain species may be found sometimes as small
    trees
  • Often look better when grouped rather than as a
    single specimen

3
Hollies(Ilex spp.) deciduous and evergreen
  • Many forms and sizes available
  • Female plants produce colorful berries
  • Full sun to part shade
  • Deciduous forms are more tolerant of
    environmental stresses

American holly
Possumhaw
4
Dwarf fothergilla(Fothergilla gardenii)
  • Green to blue-green foliage
  • Pest-free
  • Sun to partial shade
  • White fragrant flowers April-May
  • Bottlebrush-like flowers are unique
  • Moist, acidic soils preferred
  • Yellow-orange-red fall color - superb

5
Purple ninebark(Physocarpus opulifolius Diablo)
  • Often thought to belong up north
  • Moisture and perhaps slight shade, particularly
    Diablo
  • White flowers, showy bark with age
  • Grow this cultivar primarily for purple foliage
  • 5-6

6
Winter jasmine (Jasminum nudiflorum)
  • Deep lustrous green foliage/semievergreen
  • 4-5 high, 4-7 wide
  • Broad-spreading mounded habit
  • Young stems green
  • Bright yellow flower December March
  • Prune after flowering

7
Japanese kerria(Kerria japonica)
  • Year-round beauty
  • Yellow flowers intermittent bloomer
  • White flower new variety but flawed
  • Green showy stems
  • Pest-free leaves
  • Takes some shade or
  • full sun with water
  • 4-6 shrub single and
  • doubles available
  • An Oklahoma Proven selection

8
Buttonbush(Cephalanthus occidentalis)
  • White flowers late spring and then intermittently
  • Tolerates wet areas but doesnt have to be in or
    near water
  • Glossy, pest free leaves
  • Persistent button-like fruits
  • 5-10 in cultivation

9
Beautyberry(Callicarpa americana)
  • Nice shrub, either American
  • or Asian counterpart
  • Grow for fall-winter berries
  • Purple is the norm, but white
  • berries available too
  • Gracefully arching shrub to 5 on avg.
  • Full sun to light shade

10
Red and black chokeberries (Aronia arbutifolia
A. melanocarpa, resp.)
  • Year round beauty- utilitarian value too
  • White flowers, clean summer foliage, brilliant
    fall color, showy persistent fruits
  • Use to fill areas, banks, wildscapes, etc.
  • 4-6 tall will roam, are leggy in nature

11
Oakleaf hydrangea(Hydrangea quercifolia)
  • Offers beauty year-round
  • Clean summer foliage oak-like in appearance
  • Summer white flowers large panicles
  • Fall color can be spectacular
  • Shaggy bark on older specimens

12
Rose of Sharon, Shrub Althea (Hibiscus syriacus)
  • Variable in ht., occasionally seen as trees
    but wants to be a shrub
  • White, pink, purple flowers
  • single doubles available
  • Late bloomers continuing until frost
  • Good for butterflies, bees, etc.
  • Old fashioned plant but newer types coming out
    all the time

13
Winged euonymus(Euonymus alatus)
  • Dont confuse with herbaceous burning bush
  • Most types get large over 8 at maturity
  • Beautiful red fall color
  • Remains scale free
  • Corky twigs add winter interest

14
Butterfly bush(Buddleia spp.)
  • White, pink, purple flowers all summer long
  • Green to gray foliage
  • Sometimes grown as a sub-shrub
  • Grow to 5-6 each growing season
  • Can prune severely if desirable
  • Good for butterflies

15
Japanese yews(Taxus cuspidata)
  • Grow yews for soft foliage
  • Cannot stand wet soils!
  • Many will burn in full sun
  • All parts toxic
  • Grow Thayerae and
  • Runyan for sun resistance
  • based on 10 year OSU study
  • Most in shrub form from 4-8 tall

16
Grape hollies(Mahonia spp.)
  • Broadleaf evergreen showy foliage, yellow flowers
    and showy blue fruits
  • Easiest to grow is Oregon grape holly
  • Leatherleaf mahonia has broader leaflets,
    beautiful blue fruits, but slightly less hardy
  • Vary from 4-6

17
Viburnum species(Viburnum spp.)
  • Evergreen to deciduous foliage
  • Very dwarf to large shrubs
  • Rugged, pest-free foliage
  • Highly fragrant flowers in many cases
  • Magnificent fruits of reds, yellows, etc.
  • Exceptional fall color
  • Sun or shade

18
Heavenly bamboo, Nandina(Nandina domestica)
  • Many cultivars available from 2-6
  • Many have attractive fruits
  • Can be cut back when desired
  • Provides exotic looking foliage

19
Vitex, Chaste tree(Vitex agnus-castus)
  • Fast growing small tree or large shrub to 15-20
    tall
  • Panicles of blue-purple, lilac or lavender
    flowers July-August
  • Cultivars produce deep blue, white or pink flowers

20
Winter honeysuckle(Lonicera fragrantissima)
  • Large shrub 6-10 tall
  • Creamy white, tinged pink or red, lemon-scented
    spring flowers
  • Adapted to many soils and pH levels, does not
    like wet sites
  • Sun to part shade
  • Makes good hedge, screen, mass, or background

21
Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster spp.)
  • Evergreen to deciduous
  • Large shrub to low spreading groundcover
  • Bright red fruit, some with black
  • Sun or light shade well adapted except for wet
    areas
  • Some disease and insect problems

22
Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica)
  • Dwarf to large shrubs or small trees
  • Drought tolerant
  • Summer flowers, some have good fall color and
    excellent bark
  • Light pruning or nearly to the ground as desired

23
Flowering quince (Chaenomeles speciosa)
  • Medium to large shrub
  • Early spring flowers from orange, red, scarlet to
    white
  • Performs well in dry sites chlorotic in high pH
    soils
  • Few pest problems
  • Spring flowers are best ornamental feature

24
Juniper (Juniperus spp.)
  • Tree or shrub, upright to spreading to
    groundcover types
  • Prefer open sunny locations
  • Light, sandy, moderately moist soil though will
    grow just about anywhere including dry clay soils

25
Lilac (Syringa spp.)
  • Common spring flowering shrub
  • Powdery mildew can be a problem
  • Small to large shrubs (tree forms available too)
  • Prefer full sun
  • Many cultivars available

26
Mugo pine (Pinus mugo)
  • Evergreen shrub from 3 up to 15-20
  • Tolerates calcareous soils
  • Prefers deep, moist loam in full sun to partial
    shade

27
Spirea (Spiraea spp.)
  • Several to choose from
  • Spring or summer blooming varieties
  • Many drought tolerant when established
  • Full sun tolerant of many soils except wet ones

28
Glossy abelia (Abelia x grandiflora)
  • Prefers acid, well-drained, moist soil
  • Sun to half shade
  • Blooms early summer through frost
  • Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds
  • Lustrous dark green leaves in summer turning
    bronze-red in fall, persist into winter

29
Southern waxmyrtle (Myrica cerifera)
  • Grows 10-15 tall
  • Glossy olive-green evergreen leaves, aromatic
  • Tolerant to wide range of soil conditions
  • Full sun or half shade

30
Euonymus (Euonymus spp.)
  • Many to choose from
  • Evergreen or deciduous
  • Some have interesting fruit and nice fall color
  • Scale and powdery mildew can be a problem

31
Trees for Oklahoma
32
Amur maple (Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala)
  • Glossy dark green foliage turn to shades of
    yellow and red in fall
  • Excellent red fruiting types
  • 15 20
  • Multi-stemmed large shrub or small tree
  • Can become chlorotic west of I-35

33
Caddo maple(Acer saccharum Caddo)
  • A sugar maple ecotype native to W Oklahoma
  • Thicker leaves than N. E. U.S. maples
  • Thus more appropriate for W Oklahoma
  • Good fall color, but can vary
  • Shade tree to 40-65

34
Shantung maple(Acer truncatum)
  • Slightly smaller maple
  • to 20-30
  • Pest-free leaves
  • Showy purple/red new
  • growth all summer long
  • Star-shaped leaf attractive
  • Fall color variable
  • Needs to be used more

35
Chinese pistache(Pistacia chinensis)
  • Attractive tree year round
  • Pest-free leaves
  • Good fall color of orange, yellow or almost
    purple
  • Showy fruits on female trees
  • Matures to 45
  • Awkward growth habit when young

36
Lacebark elm(Ulmus parvifolia)
  • Grow for breath-taking bark
  • 35 at maturity
  • Small, non-messy leaves
  • Pretty fall red fruits
  • Needs some corrective pruning when young
  • Avoids Dutch elm disease better than most native
    elms

37
Cedar elm(Ulmus crassifolia)
  • Native elm usually overlooked
  • Bark wont be as showy as lacebark elm
  • Technically susceptible to DED, but not likely
    to occur
  • Durable shade tree with leather-like leaves, very
    dark green, quite showy
  • Grows to 40 high

38
Kentucky coffeetree(Gymnocladus dioicus)
  • Appropriate throughout OK
  • Ornamental characteristics yr.-round
  • Rugged bark, white summer flowers, tropical
    looking leaves, yellow fall color and beautiful
    fruit pods
  • Turf grows well under this tree
  • Grows to 40-50
  • Espresso (male) available in limited quantities

39
Deciduous magnolias(Magnolia spp.)
  • Many species/hybrids to choose from
  • Mainly white and pink flowers
  • Position in landscape where they wont warm up
    too quickly
  • Easier to grow than southern magnolia
  • Vary from 6-20 high

40
Redbud (Cercis spp.)
  • Oklahoma redbud 10-12 also in white,
  • Eastern redbud white and purple/red forms
  • Forest Pansy purple foliage
  • Covey/Lavender Twist - Weeping redbud
  • All of the above of native origins

41
River birch (Betula nigra)
  • Taken for granted, but still the best birch for
    Oklahoma
  • Beauty is provided year round by attractive
    exfoliating bark
  • Yellow fall color
  • Grows to 45 high
  • Leaf and twig drop (cladoptosis) is normal in the
    dead of summer
  • Relatively pest-free

42
Oaks(Quercus spp.)
  • Many native and exotic oaks
  • to choose from
  • Chinkapin oak
  • Shingle oak
  • Burr oak
  • Willow oak
  • Nuttall oak
  • Swamp white
  • Sawtooth oak

43
Planetree vs. Sycamore(Platanus spp.)
  • Similar but hybrid planetree resists anthracnose
  • Both large and considered messy by some
  • Bark can be exquisite!!!
  • The trouble and mess of these trees are usually
    justifiable
  • Large to 40 and up in OK

44
Smoketree (Cotinus coggygria)
  • Grow for purple or green foliage
  • Smoke-like flowers in summer
  • Showy bark shape of trunks/lichens
  • Vary in height from large shrub to small tree at
    20

45
Sweetgum, Fruitless sweetgum(Liquidambar
styraciflua Rotundiloba)
  • Provides year-round beauty
  • Shiny, aromatic foliage
  • Brilliant fall color
  • Corky stems add winter interest
  • Fruits of common sweetgum are attractive although
    messy
  • Fruitless type slightly more narrow, less fall
    color

46
Western soapberry(Sapindus drummondii)
  • Problems with fruits and bugs do exist, but have
    been greatly exaggerated
  • Grow for durable nature of tree
  • Other utilitarian uses should be considered such
    as windbreaks

47
Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica)
  • 40 60
  • Light green, bluish green, to silver green
    foliage color
  • Specimen tree, good alternative to blue spruce
  • Young plants may look awkward

48
Arizona cypress(Cupressus arizonica)
  • Cold hardier than often believed to be
  • Green, gray or blue foliage forms
  • Blue Ice and others outstanding
  • Unique cross-shaped foliage
  • Exfoliating bark over time
  • Many OK cities still in the red cedar rut
  • 35 under OK conditions

49
Bald cypress(Taxodium distichum)
  • Does not require growing in or near water
  • Attractive orange brown trunk
  • Lacey, almost fern-like foliage
  • 60 plus by 2/3 wide
  • OK Proven tree
  • Common, yet still underutilized in certain
    communities

50
Dawn redwood(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)
  • Looks like a bald cypress
  • Has opposite rather than alt. leaves
  • Trunk more orange at maturity
  • NO knees under any condition
  • Occasional hardiness issues
  • A Chinese tree that deserves more use
  • Easily 60 even under stress

51
California incensecedar(Calocedrus decurrens)
  • Native to W. U.S.
  • Does well in OK
  • Retains green foliage in winter
  • Handsome bark with age
  • In cultivation expect only 40 tall
  • Needs some protection from wind
  • Winter irrigation important first few yrs.

52
Junipers (Juniperus spp.)
  • Grow here because they are adapted
  • Although many are native/naturalized, still not
    perfect
  • Various forms available tree, shrub,
    groundcover
  • Some have better disease resistance than others

53
Limber pine(Pinus flexilis)
  • Provides soft look and feel in the landscape
  • Beautiful blue or green needles
  • More resistant to pinewood nematode
  • Ask for cultivars in the trade
  • Expect a 30-40 tree at least

54
Western red cedar(Thuja plicata)
  • Use for fast growth 3/year
  • Good for hedge rows, mass plantings or single
    specimens
  • Many cultivars and hybrids to choose from
  • Deer and bagworm resistant
  • Mature ht. varies from 25-45 x 20-30

55
Some Undesirable Trees
  • Bradford Pear
  • Silver Maple
  • Pin Oak (central western OK)
  • Flowering Plums
  • Mimosa
  • Black Locust
  • Honeylocust
  • Willow
  • Poplar
  • Sycamore
  • Fir
  • Spruce
  • Pine (certain spp.)

56
  • Ornamental Plant Selection Care
  • Program developed by
  • Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service
  • Oklahoma State University
  • David Hillock, Assistant Extension Specialist,
    Horticulture
  • Phil Pratt, Area Extension Specialist, Plant
    Pathology
  • Tom Royer, Assistant Professor, Entomology
  • Mike Schnelle, Extension Specialist, Ornamental
    Floriculture
  • Jim Shrefler, Area Extension Specialist,
    Horticulture
  • Sharon von Broembsen, Extension Specialist, Plant
    Pathology
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