RUNWAY INCURSION

1
RUNWAY INCURSION

• Runway safety and ground operations high
  visibility issue for FAA and pilots
• Accident on 11/22/94 at 2203 hrs at STL
  highlights seemingly innocuous error which proved
  fatal
• Accident involved a Cessna 441 Conquest and TWA
  MD-80

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RUNWAY INCURSION

• Pilot of Conquest had 8,000 hrs flight time
  (2,000 hours in type)
• Conquest landed at 2140 on Rwy 30R and dropped
  off passenger at Midcoast
• At 2158 pilot called for taxi
• Grnd Control Back-taxi into position, hold, Rwy
  31 let me know on this frequency when ready for
  departure

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RUNWAY INCURSION

• TWA instructed to taxi to Rwy 30R for departure
• 2201 hrs, TWA cleared for takeoff
• 2202 hrs, Conquest pilot advised Kilo Mikes
  ready to go on the right side
• Controller response Roger, I cant roll you
  simultaneously with the, uh, traffic departing
  from the right. Just continue holding in
  position.

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5
RUNWAY INCURSION

• Both TWA pilots saw Conquest shortly after
  reaching 80 kts, and both applied brakes Captain
  used left rudder to steer around
• Right wing of MD-80 sliced through top of
  Conquest
• 2 pilots on Conquest killed, and aircraft
  destroyed no serious injuries on TWA

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RUNWAY INCURSION

• Pilots expect to hear particular clearance
• Conquest pilot seemingly had preconception that
  he would be cleared for departure on Rwy 30R,
  having landed on that runway
• Other traffic using 30R and 30L
• Rwy 31 only used for departures, and only by
  regional airline and general aviation

7
RUNWAY INCURSION

• ATIS identified active runways as 30R and 30L
  rwy 31 not identified
• Rwy 31 very close to Midcoast ramp and shown as
  Taxiway Whiskey
• Rwy 31 was lit (though dimly) and had runway
  markings and signs, but was half the width of 30R
  and 30L

8
RUNWAY INCURSION

• Specific errors
• Pilot had preconceived expectation
• Pilot didnt read back runway
• Pilot didnt use his strobe lights (didnt
  usually turn on until takeoff)
• Pilot did not use standard phraseology
• Complacency, darkness, fatigue, and non-standard
  airport configuration may also have been links in
  this accident chain