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During 1970s' 1980s'

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Capital City ; Kabul. August 19,1919 regained full independence from Great Britain over its foreign affairs ... 1973, Muhammad Daud Afghanistan a republic founded ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: During 1970s' 1980s'


1
During 1970s' - 1980s'
2
Introduction
  • Brief Background of Afghanistan
  • The Cause of the Crisis
  • Events
  • The Outcome

3
Afghanistan
  • Capital City Kabul
  • August 19,1919 regained full independence from
    Great Britain over its foreign affairs
  • 1921 Soviet-Afghan treaty
  • Joined in UN in 1946
  • 1973, Muhammad Daud Afghanistan a republic
    founded
  • 1978 Communist rule (-1992) in the hands of PDPA
    (The Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan)

Bolsheviks and King Amanullsh had a mutual
antipathy for the British.
4
PDPA
  • Definition (source www.answers.com)
  • Afghan Marxist Political party
  • Also called Democratic Party of the People of
    Afghanistan
  • Ideology
  • Marxist, with strong Leninist tendencies. (after
    1978)
  • Two factions
  • By 1965, split into two factions
  • Khalq (People) faction led by Nur Mohammad Taraki
    and Hafizullah Amin
  • The Parcham (Flag) faction, led by Barbrak
    Karmal.

5
Change in Rulers
  • In 1973, Muhammad Daud becomes president.
  • 1978- the two factions of the PDPA united to
    stage a coup.
  • Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan was assasinated
  • PDPA leader Noor Muhammad Taraki became President
  • 1979 Taraki was killed
  • Hafizulla Amin became a president

I feel the happiest when I can light my American
cigarettes with Soviet matches."
6
Events (Saur Revolution)
  • Began in April 1978
  • In July 1978, cancelled categories of peasant
    debt
  • In November, expropriation of large landholdings
    and their redistribution among landless peasants
  • Womens right
  • National education program was initiated
  • When Amin held the power, Soviet attempt to
    reduce his power.
  • Decmber 1979, the USSR staged its invasion,
    sending in tens of thousands of troops.
  • Immediately removed Amin from power and
    established Babrak Karmal

Babrak Karmal
7
The Role of UN
  • On 14 April 1988, Afghanistan, Pakistan, USSR and
    the U.S signed Agreements on the Settlement of
    the Situation Relating to Afghanistan under U.N
    auspices.
  • ?
  • USSR withdraws its forces.
  • On April 1988 Secretary-General Javier Perez de
    Cuellar set up a mission to moniotor the
    withdrawal of foreign forces - the United Nations
    Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan
    (UNGOMAP)
  • The United Nations Food and Agriculture
    Organization (FAO) estimated that the area under
    agricultural cultivation in Afghanistan fell by
    40 between 1979 and 1991.
  • In 1989, UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR and WFP cooperates
    to help develop the country.
  • Early in 1980, the Security Council met to
    consider the Soviet intervention
  • 1980 Jan 10-14, the matter was taken up in the
    General Assembly
  • Adopted the first of a series of Situation in
    Afghanistan resolution.
  • Called for withdrawal of all foreign forces,
    asked States to contribute Humantarian assistance
  • Asked the Secretary-General to keep it informed
    of developments
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