The Motherboard

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The Motherboard
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Lecture Summary

• Types of motherboard
• Motherboard components
• Motherboard Connections
• Current AMD and Intel Boards

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Form Factors

• XT
• AT
• ATX
• BTX
• Extended ATX

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XT Motherboard
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AT Motherboard
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ATX Motherboard and Case
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ATX Motherboard 2004
USB, Serial, Parallel, Keyboard, mouse Ports
P1 or ATX power connector
AGP Slot
Northbridge
PCI Slots
Processor zif socket
RAM DIMM sockets
CMOS battery
Floppy Disk Drive Controller
IDE 1 and IDE 2
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ATX Motherboard 2007
Processor zif socket
ATX 12v
RAM DIMM sockets
IDE
FDD
PCIe graphics
Northbridge
P1 or ATX power connector
PCI
SATA controllers
PCIe
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BTX Motherboard

• Balanced Technology Extended
• Designed by Intel
• Better for cooling and airflowthan ATX
• Expansion slots and I/O ports have swopped sides
• Cant put a BTX board in an ATX case
• BTX standard has not beenadopted by AMD
• Supports the same components as an ATX board

I/O at top in ATX board
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BTX
ATX
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Motherboards December 2008
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Motherboards April 2009
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Asus Motherboard May 2009
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Whats on a motherboard?

• Processor socket
• Slot for Graphics card
• Integrated Graphics
• RAM slots
• IDE controllers
• SATA controllers
• FDD controller
• PCI and PCIe slots

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Extra Motherboard Features

• Standard ATX ports
• Parallel, serial, USB, firewire, RJ45, integrated
  sound, integrated VGA
• Blu ray and HD support
• Dual VGA and DVI-D support
• WiFi support

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Motherboard Manufacturers

• Abit
• Asus
• Asrock
• EVGA
• Gigabyte
• Intel
• MSI
• Tyan

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Motherboard Processor Sockets

• Intel
• Socket 478 Pentium 4 and Celeron
• Socket 775 Core, Core2Duo, Core2Quad
• Socket 1366 i7
• AMD
• Socket 462
• Socket 754
• Socket 939
• Socket AM2Socket AM2
• Socket AM3

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AMD Socket 939

• Succesor to socket754
• Supports 64 bitprocessors
• Extra 185 pins allowed it to support DDR
  memory(max PC4800)
• Supports PCIe
• Athlon 64
• Athlon 64 FX
• Athlon 64 X2

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Socket 939 Motherboard
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AMD Socket AM2

• An attempt tocompete with Intels Core2Duo
• 940 (1 extra!) pin
• 2 faster than socket 939
• Supports 64 bitprocessors
• Supports DDR IImemory

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Socket AM2 Processors

• Athlon 64
• Athlon 64 X2
• Athlon 64 FX
• Opteron
• Sempron
• Phenom

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AMD SoAM2 Board
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Socket AM2

• 940 pins
• Hypertransport 3.0
• No real improvement on AM2
• Failed miserably
• Replaced by Socket AM3

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Socket AM2 Processors

• Athlon 64
• Athlon 64 X2
• Opteron
• Phenom II X4
• Phenom X4
• Phenom X3
• Phenom X2

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AMD Socket AM3
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Socket AM3

• 938 pins
• Uses DDR3 RAM
• Also works with DDR2
• Supports up to DDR3 1600 RAM
• Very poor reviews
• Cant compete with Intels I7
• Acquisition of ATI

Depends on what DIMM Slots are on the motherboard
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Socket AM3 Processors

• Phenom II

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AMD SoAM3 Board
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Left Socket AM2 Processor Right Socket AM3
Processor
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Left Socket AM2 / Right Socket AM3 (2 pin
difference)
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Intel Socket 478

• Supports Pentium IV
• Supports AGPgraphics
• Supports DDRmemory(max PC4800)

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Socket 478 Board
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LGA Sockets

• Land Grid Array
• Pins in the socket instead of the processor
• Socket 775 onwards (Intel)
• Higher pin strength
• Less bent pins
• AMD still using SPGA

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Socket LGA 775
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Intel Socket 775

• Supports DDRIIRAM
• Supports PCI-e
• Pentium 4
• Celeron
• Dual/Quad Core

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Intel Socket LGA 775 Board
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Intel Socket LGA 1366

• For Intel core I7,core I7 extreme
• Quad core processor
• 8 Mb internal cache
• Supports DDR3RAM (3 channelsmax 2000Mhz)
• Supports PCI-e
• 79 faster video
• 25 fastermulti-tasking

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Core i7

• i7-920 2.66 Ghz - 286.50
• i7-940 2.93 Ghz - 557.52
• DDR3 800/1066

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i7 Extreme

• i7-965 3.2Ghz
• DDR3 800/1066
• 1000.44 from dabs.ie on 26/05/09

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Intel Socket 1366 Board
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Motherboard Chipsets

• Determines
• Type of processor accepted by the Motherboard
• Type of RAM and RAM capacity
• Support for internal and external devices
• Quality of the motherboard depends on how good
  the chipset is
• 100 new chipset models are introduced every year

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Chipset Manufacturers

• Intel
• ATI (owned by AMD)
• VIA
• NVIDIA

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Whats in the chipset?

• Northbridge
• Southbridge
• Super I/O Chip (only in some chipsets)
• Defines every feature on the motherboard except
  for the processor!
• Quality of the board depends hugely on the
  quality of the chipset

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Southbridge
Northbridge
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Northbridge

• Intel Boards
• communication with RAM
• Intel refers to the Northbridge as the Memory
  Controller Hub (MCH)
• AMD boards
• communication with graphics (memory controller in
  processor)
• Requires cooling

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Southbridge

• Communication with
• IDE drives
• PCI
• Doesnt require cooling
• Intel refers to the Southbridge as the I/O
  Controller Hub (ICH)

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Super I/O Chip
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Super I/O Chip

• Supports older technology on the board
• Floppy Disk drive
• Serial ports
• Parallel ports
• Modems

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Chipset Software Support

• Partly supplied by the BIOS
• Most features of the chipset are supported by
  drivers

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