DRUGS IN SPORT

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DRUGS IN SPORT
We have looked at a variety of Assets which
sportspeople may be gifted with, develop and
train for. But there is something else that some
athletes use to train to win and that is DRUGS.
The all-embracing word DRUGS covers a wide
range of substances.
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Some of these are used on a regular basis by many
of us. The obvious ones are CAFFEINE, which we
use in tea and coffee, NICOTINE which people use
in smoking and ETHANOL, more commonly known as
alcohol
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There are other drugs that we use on a less
frequent basis.
These are referred to as MEDICINES. These could
be described as SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE because
they are not illegal
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There are also drugs that come under the term
SOCIALLY UNACCEPTABLE and these are illegal.
This group includes

• Heroin
• Cocaine
• LSD
• Amphetamines
• Barbiturates
• Cannabis and ecstasy.

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There is a third category- The PERFORMANCE
ENHANCING DRUGS.
SO WHAT IS A DRUG ?
A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN BE TAKEN IN A VARIETY OF
WAYS TO PRODUCE PHYSICAL AND/OR PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS ON THE PERSON TAKING IT.
It may also cause some effects that are both
unpleasant and unwanted
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• They can become addictive.
• Smoking damages the heart and oxygen carrying
  capability of the blood. It is also a
  contributing factor to coronary heart disease.
• Both alcohol and caffeine cause extra urine to be
  disposed of, therefore add to the risks of
  dehydration.
• Long term effects of alcohol include liver damage.

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WHY DO SPORTSPEOPLE TAKE DRUGS ?
Sportspeople decide to take drugs to enhance or
improve their performance, or are encouraged to
do so by their coach.
The temptation is great with such high stakes.
Winning a gold medal at the Olympics in some
sports is worth 1,000,000 in sponsorships.
Even on a day to day basis, sportspeople make a
lot of money by simply competing at the highest
level.
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Even if they do not win, drugs may allow a lesser
athlete to take part in their sport at a level
they could not have otherwise reached.
PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS fall into 2
categories.

• Prohibited classes of substances
• Prohibited methods.

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WHAT ARE PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES ?

• STIMULANTS- these help people to be more alert,
  enabling them to think more quickly. Using these
  drugs helps to overcome tiredness. Stimulants may
  produce side effects such as Insomnia, Increased
  heart rate.
• NARCOTICS/ANALGESICS- This enables athletes to
  get back into action quickly after an injury.
  They act as painkillers.

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3. ANABOLIC STEROIDS- They increase muscle mass
and develop bone growth, therefore increase
strength, while at the same time allow the
athlete to train harder. It can also increase
aggression.
This is the most common drug used to enhance
performance. The drug mimics the male hormone
Testosterone. Side effects include the deepening
of the voice, facial hair, mood swings and
anxiety. liver disease and infertility in women
are also common side effects.
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4. DIURETICS- Used to increase the amount of
urine produced and to increase kidney function,
thereby speeding up the elimination of fluid from
the body.
In turn this will cause rapid weight loss in
sports where performers are required to compete
within strict weight boundaries.
Side effects include dehydration, which can
result in dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches and
nausea.
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5. PEPTIDE, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION-
These type of drugs increase muscle growth,
assist in recovery from injury and increase the
number of red blood cells to carry oxygen.
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WHAT ARE PROHIBITED METHODS ?
Blood doping is a banned process not a banned
drug. If an athlete trains at high altitude, the
oxygen carrying capacity of their blood
increases. Athletes train at high altitude for a
period of time, and then have as much as 2 pints
of blood taken from their body, and the red blood
cells frozen.
The bodys system quickly recovers and the normal
8 pints of blood is restored.
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Near a competition day, the red blood cells are
put back into the athletes bloodstream and this
process is thought to increase their performance
by as much as 20.
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The I.O.C. have strict rules on prohibited
substances. At the moment there are 4000 of them.
The I.O.C. take random tests of athletes.
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Taking performance enhancing drugs is regarded as
cheating and athletes found guilty pay the
ultimate penalty within their sport
THEY ARE BANNED.
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REVISION
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