Convention of Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol

1
Convention of Ozone Depletion and the Montreal
Protocol

• Draft Year 1987
• Amendment Years 1990, 1992, 1995
• International

Stephanie Curtis Period 6
2
Description/Environmental Issues Affected

• Signed by just 24 nations in 1987, subsequently
  ratified by 191 governments
• provided for gradual phasing-out of CFC (ozone
  depleting substances) production and CFC
  consumption by industrialized countries to 50
  percent of their 1986 levels by 1998-99 (with a
  ten-year grace period for developing nations)
• Just six months later, scientists confirmed that
  the Antarctic phenomenon was in fact caused by
  CFCs, and momentum grew for a total phase-out of
  ozone-depleting chemicals. The Protocol was
  amended and substantially strengthened at
  Conferences of the Parties in London (1990),
  Copenhagen (1992), and Vienna (1995), and
  continued to be modified in subsequent years.

-The number of controlled substances was
increased from the original eight to over eighty,
and by 1995 most had been eliminated by the
industrialized countries -Designed to protect
the stratospheric ozone layer -chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl
chloroform--are to be phased out by 2000 (2005
for methyl chloroform)
3
Agency/Group Responsible for Regulation and
Enforcement

• EPA developed and implemented
• The United Nations Environment Program organized
  efforts in 1982 to negotiate an international
  agreement.