IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH SIMPLE ORGANIC MOLECULES ARE TRANSFORMED INTO COMPLEX

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PHOTOSYNTESIS
IS THE PROCESS IN WHICH SIMPLE ORGANIC MOLECULES
ARE TRANSFORMED INTO COMPLEX ENERGETIC
ONES. SOLAR ENERGY IS REQUIRED.
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CO2 H2O -------------gt C6H12O6 O2
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-(CH2 )--(CH2 )-- C-OH CO CO OH OCO
ENERGY
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CO2 H2O -------------gt C6H12O6 O2
ENERGY
Endergonic Reaction
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RESPIRATION
FOOD
ATP
Respiration is the chemical process that
transform the energy of food into a universal
chemical compound called ATP.
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Title
ADENOSIN DIPHOSPHATE (ADP)
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Title
ADENOSIN TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
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CO H O
C H O O
2
2
2
6
6
12
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CO H O
C H O O
2
2
2
6
6
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ENERGY
Exergonic reaction
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Title
Thylacoid
Stroma
Outer membrane
Inner Membrane
CHLOROPLAST
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Chloroplasts
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LIGHT
(ENERGY)
H 2O
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
O2
ATP, NADPH
CO2
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS
CHO
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INSIDE THYLACOID
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Light- Dependent Reactions

• One of three processes occurs when light strikes
  an object
• Light is absorbed (drives photosynthesis)
• Light is reflected (makes objects visible)
• Light is transmitted (makes objects visible)

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Chlorophyll

• Chlorophyll, the key light-capturing molecule in
  thylakoid membranes, strongly absorbs violet,
  blue, and redlight but reflects green (thus that
  is what our eyes see).
• Thylakoids also contain other molecules, called
  accessory pigments that capture light energy and
  transfer it to chlorophyll.
• Carotenoids absorb blue and green light and
  reflect mostly yellow, orange or red.
• Phycocyanins absorb green and yellow and thus we
  see the blue or purple wavelengths

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Light- Dependent Reactions

• In the thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll,
  accessory pigment molecules, and electron-carrier
  molecules form highly organized asseblies called
  photosystems

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Q
FeS

H
Pq
Fd
cit f
Fad

-
Pc
NADP ? NADPH
2e
P700 (FS I)
P680 (FSII)

H O
H O
2
2
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Light- Dependent Reactions

• There are two different photosystems
• Photosystem I
• Photosystem II

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Light- Dependent Reactions

• The light-harvesting complex is composed of about
  300 chlorophyll and accessory pigment molecules
  that absorb light and pass the energy to a
  specific chloropyll molecule called the reaction
  center
• Thus these pigments act as antenae to direct the
  light energy to the electron transport system

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H2O
H
H2O
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CO2
C-O-P COH CO OH
H2
H2O
H
C-O-P CO COH COH C-O-P
H2
H
CALVIN CYCLE
H
H2
Glucose