Part 4 Collaboration in the 21st Century : Awareness as a Key Enabler

1
Part 4Collaboration in the 21st Century
Awareness as a Key Enabler

• Dr. Y.V. Ramana Reddy
• Dr. Sumitra Reddy
• Vijayanand Bharadwaj
• Lane Dept. of Computer Science and Electrical
  Engg.
• West Virginia University
• USA
• August 2005

2
Part 4 Overview

• 1. Awareness A Key Enabler
• Importance of Awareness
• Awareness Types
• Challenges for Awareness Propagation
• Quality
• Heterogeneous Environments
• Our Solution
• Awareness Characterization in Collaboration
• Awareness Patterns
• Dealing with Heterogeneity
• The Awareness Model and Map
• 2. Prognosis
• 3. SIPLab Publications References

3
Importance of Awareness

• Coordination Essential for success.
• Lack of proper coordination can result in delays,
  waste and overall inefficiency due to
• Misplaced Efforts
• Redundancy
• Improper Allocation of Resources
• Well Coordinated group efforts can minimize
  inefficiency both during and even before projects
  begin.

4
Importance of Awareness

• Requirements for Effective Coordination
• Knowledge of all aspects of the groups
  collaborative effort, relevant to ones sphere of
  activity
• Communication

5
Awareness in Collaboration

• The knowledge of all the relevant aspects of
  group collaboration can be termed as AWARENESS !

• Definition An understanding of the activities
  of others which provides a context for your own
  activity Dourish Belloti
• WhoWhatWhereWhenHow..Why

6
Awareness in Collaboration
AWARENESS
STATE
CONTEXT
ACTION
7
Awareness Types

• Types of Awareness
• Some easy to facilitate, some very difficult
• No standard terminology.
• Generally accepted definitions .
• Workspace Awareness
• (Virtual Physical) About artifacts, user
  actions, resources .
• Group Awareness
• people, roles, locations (Presence or Absence),
  organizational hierarchy, contact information,
  backgrounds etc.
• Project Awareness
• Project Goals, tasks, timeline, resources,
  constraints, artifacts, etc.

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Awareness Types (2)

• Location Awareness
• Physical World Location, Services at the
  location, Virtual World location etc.
• Social Awareness
• Moods ( conveyed by facial expressions, tone,
  gestures etc.), habits, behavioral patterns,
  background, ethnicity etc.
• Historical Awareness
• Past events, activities, change history or logs,
  .etc.
• Context-Awareness
• All the above can be termed as providing some
  Context to the consumer based on the context
  that others work in.

9
Awareness Propagation Challenges

• Challenges in Awareness Propagation
• Awareness is an Amorphous Concept
• Essential and used in a variety of ways,
  explicit and implicitly.
• It can help in mitigating Barriers to
  Collaboration
• (Intention, Goal Disambiguation)
• But to fully exploit awareness in collaboration
  we must
• Characterize its relation to collaboration !
• Enable technology support for Awareness
  Propagation!

10
Awareness Propagation Challenges

• Challenges (continued)
• Characterize Awareness with respect to
  Collaboration !
• Not an easy task !
• By its very nature awareness is such an
  amorphous concept not well-defined
• Lack of standardized terminology

11
Awareness Propagation Challenges

• Challenges (continued)
• 2. Enable Technology Support for Awareness
  Propagation !
• Technology support for awareness exists.
• However we need to understand the relation
  between awareness types and corresponding
  technology support to enable the correct type of
  support !

12
Awareness Propagation Challenges

• We examine each of these challenges in detail and
  identify the issues in both
• 1. Awareness Characterization Challenges
• 2. Technology Support Challenges

13
Awareness Characterization Challenges

• Identifying the appropriate Awareness Types
• What Types of Awareness are needed in a
  Collaborative Effort?
• Who ( Humans, Programs and Systems) should be
  aware and of what?
• When during the collaborative processes should
  information be made available ?
• How is this awareness propagated ?

14
Technology Support Challenges

• What are the existing applications, groupware and
  systems that support the Types of Awareness
  required ?
• What underlying mechanisms are required to be
  provided in order to propagate the required
  types of awareness among users and systems ?

15
Two Key Aspects

• Quality
• Just obtaining Information is not enough !
• To be really useful it must be of the appropriate
  Quality
• We define these Quality Factors of Awareness
  Information
• Heterogeneity
• Heterogeneous Environments are a reality !
• We examine their impact and provide solution to
  deal with them.

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Quality Factors of Awareness

• Effective Awareness Propagation
• Relevancy
• Do I need to know about this ?
• Information Overload
• How much do I need to know ?
• Obtrusiveness
• How can I know with minimum unnecessary
  Distraction !
• Privacy
• How can I establish who knows what and how much ?
• Enhanced awareness
• How do I know that you know ?
• How do you know that I know ?

17
Heterogeneity

• Groupware Systems are designed to support some
  types of awareness.
• The Reality
• Tools versus Groupware People Use Tools not
  designed with group awareness in mind!!!
  Example Word Processors ( Email).
• Mixture of Groupware !! Wiki and Hotmail
• Heterogeneous Operating Environments ( Networks,
  Platforms )!!
• Users Mobile !!
• Changes occur Objectives, Details, Policies,
  Personnel, Locations, Resources, Constraints !!
  (Bharadwaj, Reddy et al. 4)
• Unanticipated Requirements, Constraints and
  Situations Arise during Collaboration!!!

18
Heterogeneous Environments
Essential to every domain of work
Collaboration
Occurs with various tools, electronic and
non-electronic.
Occurs over Heterogeneous Environments
19
Research Question

• Awareness propagation is not trivial !
• This leads us to ask,
• How can we effectively support awareness in
  collaborating groups using a variety of
  applications and systems?

Supporting Awareness inHeterogeneous
Collaboration Environments
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Research Objectives

• Characterize the relationship between Awareness
  Types, Collaboration and Awareness Support
• Characterize the impact of Heterogeneity
• Propose mechanisms to enable effective awareness
  propagation
• The Awareness Model and Map
• Awareness Patterns

21
Our Research

• Solutions to the challenges
• Two Parts
• Awareness Characterization
• Dealing With Heterogeneity

22
Awareness Characterization

• Our Characterization Process 2 Parts
• Associate Awareness Types Collaboration
• What is the Outcome? Provides a roadmap of the
  awareness information involved in the
  collaborative process with the type, associated
  producers, consumers, and temporality.
• Why is it Essential? To effectively realize the
  abstract notion of awareness with a concrete
  grounding in the collaborative process.
• Based on this roadmap technology can support the
  correct type of awareness in a timely manner.

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Awareness Characterization

• Our Characterization Process 2 Parts
• Associate Awareness Types Technology Support
• What is the Outcome? A mapping between awareness
  types and the corresponding technology choices
  available
• Why is it Essential? Identifies the technology
  support required for a particular type of
  awareness

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Awareness Characterization

• From the 2-part characterization we relate all
  3-dimensions
• Awareness Intensity of a Process
• How much Awareness is required in the process ?
• Awareness Types
• Technology Support

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Relating the 3-Dimensions
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Problems in 2-Part Characterization

• Problem 1 How to characterize various aspects of
  awareness and the collaborative process ?
• Information Relevance (Type and Time)
• Producers and Consumers
• Artifacts and Resources
• Medium etc. .
• Which is a suitable methodology and formalism ?
• Solution
• We model as a Collaborative Awareness Graph (CAG)
• Similar CAGs form Awareness Patterns Graphs
  (Research in Progress)

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Awareness Patterns

• Awareness Patterns
• Provides a ready template for Awareness
  Propagation in a new Collaborative Process
• Based on the concept of Software Design Patterns
• The Awareness Model as a Pattern Repository (
  next section)
• Research Issues
• How to distill awareness patterns from
  collaborative processes and associated awareness
  types (CAGs).
• How to Select and Reuse awareness patterns.

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Awareness Characterization

• Problem 2 Types provide definitions , however
  they are not standardized.
• Solution
• We Identify Dimensions or Awareness
  Attributes
• Associate with Technology Support
• Associate with the Collaborative Effort
• In place of awareness types we use these
  Dimensions or Attributes of Awareness.

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Dimensions of Awareness
30
Dealing with Heterogeneity

• Impact of Heterogeneity
• Requirements for Awareness Propagation
• Awareness Frameworks
• Awareness Model and Map
• The Awareness Model as a Pattern Repository

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Impact of Heterogeneity

• Relationship Quality of Awareness and its
  Sources Medium

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Impact of Heterogeneity

• Quality factors Evaluated from the consumers
  perspective so subjective
• Awareness Information Characteristics are
  absolute.
• Perceived Quality of Awareness is dependent on
  the Awareness Characteristics which are dictated
  by the Source and Medium.

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Quality of Awareness Sources Medium
34
Quality of Awareness Sources Medium

• Awareness Information Characteristics
• Type What am I aware of ? (Activity, location,
  Changes to an artifact, Message Transcript, Video
  Images or a combination of all )
• Form Is it Text, Audio, Visual, Coordinates ?
• Volume How much of it am I aware of ? (Every
  email exchanged, large recording)
• Frequency How often do I get the information?
  (Every line in a chat session or a digest)

35
Quality of Awareness Sources Medium
36
Quality of Awareness Sources Medium

• Source Which is the element generating Awareness
  Information of interest?
• Email and IM messages, actions on an artifact,
  sensors, users keystrokes,
• Source characteristics dictate the Type, Form,
  Volume and Frequency
• Medium How do I obtain Awareness from the
  Source?
• Medium characteristics dictate the Form, Volume
  and Frequency
• Wired Wireless networks, telephone (landlines,
  cellular), etc. Higher bandwidth n/w can provide
  a higher quality streaming video.

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Requirements for Awareness Propagation

• Physical Integration of Awareness Information
  Sources and Media
• Mechanisms to tie sources of awareness
  information together.
• Must work in heterogeneous environments
• In spite of different Paradigms Client-Server,
  P2P
• Over various Substrates WWW and Internet,
  Intranet, Wireless Networks, Telephone N/W
• Over various Capabilities Bandwidth, Processing
  Power, Storage Capacity
• Integrating Information

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Awareness Frameworks Physical Integration

• Sources and Media Integrated using Middleware

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Awareness Frameworks Physical Integration

• Sources Integrated using Middleware
• Provide ability to communicate information
  generated
• Event Notification middleware, Common Databases,
• Works over WWW, Intranets, P2P, Wireless n/w etc.
• Related Work done in Awareness Frameworks.
• Java Context-Awareness Framework JCAF (Bardram et
  al.2)
• GroupDesk (Fuchs et al.)
• NESSIE (Prinz 13)
• ENI HIPPIE (Gross Specht 8)
• iScent (Anderson Bouvin 1)
• Awareness Frameworks are Not Sufficient !

40
Integrating Information

• Each source
• Different Characteristics, Specific Nomenclature,
  Formats, No Direct Relationship Examples Email,
  Instant Messaging, Streaming Video, Sensor
  coordinates, Streaming video
• Requirements
• Information Needs Transformation
• Context Project Context versus Source Context
• Integration Process Straightforward
• Awareness Characteristics Must be Expressed to
  tailor Quality Factors !!!
• Enhanced Awareness Agents and Intersubjectivity
• Inaccessible Information Meta-Information must
  be available
• User Interface Enable Searching and or Browsing
• Historical Awareness Support
• Much more than creating databases !!

41
Awareness Model Integrating Information

• An Awareness Model should be created that meets
  the following requirements
• Logical Framework for awareness sources at the
  Information Level
• Users see a unified picture of Awareness
  Information Sources.
• Meta-Information describes Sources and Media
• Essential to allow users to choose not only what
  they need to be aware of but tailor the qualities
  of the information they wish to receive.
• Adaptable
• To accommodate addition of new Sources and Media
  as well changes to existing ones
• Adaptable to changes in Collaboration.

42
Awareness Model Integrating Information

• Awareness Model requirements (continued)
• Simplified Integration Process
• The process of integration must be simple
• Part of an Awareness Framework
• Should be able to work with available Awareness
  Frameworks.
• The Awareness Model is in essence a directory of
  awareness information

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Awareness Model Elements

• Our Awareness Model
• Focus of Attention (Focus)
• Source
• Medium

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Awareness Model Elements

• Focus
• A unified view of all active Sources ( Media) as
  well as corresponding events, interaction
  occurring. For example
• A threaded discussion is a Source and so is the
  Wiki used by the group
• A users Focus of messages in a threaded
  discussion as well as the Wiki. Changes to
  material on the Wiki is discussed on the board.
• Can shift over time i.e. The number and type of
  Source and Media can change

45
Awareness Model Elements

• Source
• Consists of Meta-Information about the
  Information Content that the Source generates.
• Type About the information
• Form Audio, Video, Text Stream,
• Total Volume How much Information has been
  generated so far
• Frequency How often is the source generating
  information
• Content Actual information generated

46
Awareness Model Elements

• Medium
• Meta-Information about the Medium Specific
  Characteristics
• Extensible Model Attributes can be added as
  necessary to the model

47
Awareness Model Integrating Information
48
Awareness Model in a Framework
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Awareness Model Elements

• Related Work in Awareness Model
• Spatial Metaphor Model
• Awareness, Medium, Aura, Nimbus,Focus, Adapter
  (Benford et al. 3)
• Awareness through Interaction
• Shared space made up of objects (Rodden 14)
• Reaction-Diffusion Metaphor
• Effects of Awareness (Simone et al. 15)
• Other Models
• Presence Awareness Location, Presentity,
  Watcher, Vicinity(Christein 6)
• 3-Ontology Framework Events, Places, Communities
  (Leiva-Lobos 11)

50
Awareness Map View of The Awareness Model

• Awareness Map Concept inspired by Gross et al
  10.
• Facilitates Choice Levels of Awareness

51
Awareness Map View of The Awareness Model

• Users have multiple Foci
• Each Focus consists ofmultiple Active Source and
  Medium with Meta-Information descriptions
• Access Control made possible through Source
  Superset
• Source Superset consists of all possible Source
  and Medium pairs that the user is allowed to
  access

52
Awareness Model A Pattern Repository
53
Illustration

• Managing Collaborative Editing Sessions

54
Validation Future Work

• Validation through Simulations
• Scenarios
• Collaboration scenarios Realistic involving
  humans accomplishing specific goals. Simulation
  of Work Practice.
• Elements will model behavior of elements in a
  Heterogeneous Environments
• Objectives The objectives would be to ascertain
  the usefulness of the Awareness Model in such
  scenarios in providing effective awareness
• Metrics To be developed that measure the
  Improvement of a process with and without the
  Awareness Model.

55
Validation Future Work

• Awareness Map Implementation
• Proof-of-Concept Implementation and Evaluation
• Not tied to a particular technology, toolset,
  platform.
• Meta-Information element formats must be portable
  e.g. Use of XML
• Essential Components Program to Collect and
  Disseminate information from the model example
  event handler, configurable agents, interface to
  database
• Interfaces Enable Individual Applications and
  Tools to be integrated.
• Applications must implement the Interfaces.

56
Awareness Research References

• 1. Anderson, K. M., Bouvin, N. O. Supporting
  Project Awareness on the WWW with the iScent
  Framework. In Proceedings of the International
  Workshop on Awareness and the WWW, Part of the
  2000 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported
  Cooperative Work. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  (December 2-6, 2000)
• 2. Bardram, J. E., Hansen, T.R. The AWARE
  architecture supporting context-mediated social
  awareness in mobile cooperation. In Proceedings
  of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported
  cooperative, CSCW04, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  (November 6-10, 2004) 192-201
• 3. Benford, S.D. and Fahlén, L.E. A Spatial
  Model of Interaction in Large Virtual
  Environments. In De Michelis, G., Simone, C. and
  Schmidt, K. (eds.) Proceeding of the 3rd
  European Conference on Computer Supported
  Cooperative Work ECSCW93. Dordrecht Kluwer
  Academic Publishers, Milano, Italy (1993) 109-124
• 4. Bharadwaj, V., Reddy, Y.V.R., Kankanahalli,
  S., Reddy, S., Selliah, S., Yu, J Evaluating
  Adaptability in Frameworks that Support Morphing
  Collaboration Patterns. In Proceedings of the
  13th IEEE International Workshops on Enabling
  Technologies Infrastructure for Collaborative
  Enterprises (WETICE'04), University of Modena and
  Reggio Emilia, Italy (June 14 - 16, 2004) 186-191
• 5. Blandford, A., Wong, B.L.W. Situation
  awareness in emergency medical dispatch. In
  Intnational Journal of Human-Computer Studies,
  Volume 61, Issue 4, (2004) 421452
• 6. Christein, H., Schulthess, P. A General
  Purpose Model for Presence Awareness. In Plaice
  J. et al. (eds.) Distributed Communities on the
  Web 4th International Workshop, DCW 2002,
  Sydney, Australia, April 3-5, 2002. Revised
  Papers. LNCS Volume 2468, Springer-Verlag Berlin
  Heidelberg (2002) 22-34
• 7.Domingos, H.J., Preguica, N., Martins, J.L.
  Coordination and Awareness Support for Adaptive
  CSCW Sessions. In Proceedings of Fourth
  International Workshop on Groupware, CRIWG98,
  Búzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (September 9-11,
  1998) 21-37

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Awareness Research References

• 8. Gross, T., Specht, M. Awareness in
  Context-Aware Information Systems. In
  Oberquelle, H., Oppermann, R. and Krause, J.
  (eds.) Mensch Computer - 1. Fachuebergreifende
  Konferenz (Mar. 5-8, Bad Honnef, Germany),
  Teubner. (2001) 173-182.
• 9. Gross, T., Stary, C., Totter, A.
  User-Centered Awareness in Computer-Supported
  Cooperative Work-Systems Structured Embedding of
  Findings from Social Sciences. International
  Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (to appear)
• http//www.uni-weimar.de/gross/publ/IJHCI_gross_
  et_al_awareness.pdf (February 2005)
• 10. Gross, T., Wirsam, W., Graether, W.
  AwarenessMaps visualizing awareness in shared
  workspaces. In Proceedings of the Conference on
  Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI03,
  extended abstract. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA,
  (2003) 784-785
• 11. Leiva-Lobos, E. P., Covarrubias, E. The
  3-Ontology A Framework to Place Cooperative
  Awareness. In Haake, J.M. and Pino, J.A. (eds.)
  Groupware Design, Implementation and Use 8th
  International Workshop, CRIWG 2002, La Serena,
  Chile, September 1-4, 2002. Proceedings, Lecture
  Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2440,
  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (January 2002)
  189-199
• 12. Nutter, D., Boldyreff, C. Historical
  Awareness Support and Its Evaluation in
  Collaborative Software Engineering. In
  Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop
  on Enabling Technologies Infrastructure for
  Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE03), Linz,
  Austria. (June 09 - 11, 2003) 171-176
• 13. Prinz, W. NESSIE An Awareness Environment
  for Cooperative Settings. In Proceedings of the
  Sixth European Conference on Computer-Supported
  Cooperative Work - ECSCW'99 (Sept. 12-16,
  Copenhagen, Denmark). Kluwer Academic Publishers,
  Dortrecht, NL, (1999) 391-410.
• 14. Rodden, T. Populating the Application A
  Model of Awareness for Cooperative Applications.
  In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer
  Supported Cooperative Work CSCW96. ACM Press,
  Boston (1996) 87-96
• 15. Simone, C., Bandini, S. Compositional
  features for promoting awareness within and
  across cooperative applications. In Proceedings
  of the International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on
  Supporting Group Work The Integration Challenge,
  GROUP97, Phoenix, Arizona, United States (1997),
  358 - 367

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Awareness Research References

• 16.BRAHMS Business Redesign Agent-based Holistic
  Modeling System http//www.agentisolutions.com/bra
  hms.htm
• 17. CAST Collaborative Agents for Simulating
  Teamwork http//ist.psu.edu/yen/Lab/1-CAST.htm

59
Prognosis

• Where do we want to be ?
• Work together seamlessly, smoothly, efficiently
• Unbound by Time Location
• Different Domains
• Different Processes
• Minimal Coordination
• Discoverability of Expertise and Services
• Beyond the Barriers ! ! ! !
• Imagine the Possibilities ! ! ! !

60
Prognosis

• On-Demand Collaboration
• Collaborate with anyone as needed when the need
  arises.
• Opportunistic Collaboration
• The ability to collaborate at the time based on
  the situation and support.
• Discoverability
• The ability to advertise ones expertise to be
  discovered!

61
Prognosis

• Real-World Example Fractional Employment !!!
• A firm does not have all the experts all the
  time, but an expert can be at many firms when
  needed !

62
Prognosis

• What is Your Prognosis ?

63
SIPLab CERC

• SIPLab Smart Internet Programming Laboratory
• http//siplab.csee.wvu.edu
• CERC Concurrent Engineering Research Center
• http//www.cerc.wvu.edu
• Conferences Organized and Conducted Annually
• WETICE IEEE International Workshops on Enabling
  Technologies Infrastructures for Collaborative
  Enterprises
• Latest Edition http//siplab.csee.wvu.edu/wetice
  05

64
SIPLab Publications

• 2005
•      Yu, J., Reddy, R., Selliah, S., Reddy, S.,
  Bharadwaj, V. and S. Kankanahalli, TRINETR An
  Architecture for Collaborative Intrusion
  Detection and Knowledge-Based Alert Evaluation
  (to appear in the International Journal of
  Advanced Engineering Informatics, published by
  Elsevier Science) 2005
• Bharadwaj, V., Reddy, Y.V.R. and Reddy, S.,
  Integrating Awareness Sources in Heterogeneous
  Collaboration Environments, in Proceedings of
  the 2nd International Workshop on Computer
  Supported Activity Coordination, CSAC 2005 In
  conjunction with International Conference on
  Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS) 2005,
  Miami, U.S.A., May 2005.
•        Bharadwaj, V., Supporting Awareness in
  Heterogeneous Collaboration Environments,
  dissertation research presentation made as part
  of the Enterprise Information Systems Doctoral
  Consortium held in conjunction with International
  Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
  (ICEIS) 2005, Miami, U.S.A., May 2005.
•  
•        Yu, J., Reddy, R., Selliah, S., Reddy,
  S., Bharadwaj, V. and S. Kankanahalli, A
  Workflow-Centric, Context-Aware Collaboration
  Framework, in the Proceedings of the Ninth
  International Conference on CSCW in Design,
  Coventry, UK, May 2005.
• Yu, J., Reddy, R., Selliah, S., Reddy, S.,
  A Knowledge-based Alert Evaluation and Security
  Decision Support Framework, in the Proceedings
  of the 2005 International Conference on Security
  and Management (SAM05), Las Vegas, US, June 2005.
  

65
SIPLab Publications

• 2005 (continued)
• Yu, J., Reddy, R., Selliah, S., Reddy, S.,
  Bharadwaj, V. and S. Kankanahalli, The Design of
  a Workflow-Centric, Context-Aware Framework to
  Support Heterogeneous Computing Environments in
  Collaboration, to appear in the proceedings of
  Second International Conference of Cooperative
  Design, Visualization and Engineering (CDVE2005),
  Palma de Mallorca, Spain, September 2005.
•  
• 2004
•     Bharadwaj, V. and Reddy, Y.V.R., A
  Framework to Support Collaboration in
  Heterogeneous Environments, in ACM SIGGROUP
  Bulletin, Special issue on community-based
  learning explorations into theoretical
  groundings, empirical findings and computer
  support, Volume 24, Issue 3, December 2004, ACM
  Press, New York, 2004.
•  
•          Bharadwaj, V., Reddy, Y.V.R.,
  Chandrmouli, A., and Reddy, S., "A Layered
  Architecture to Model Interdisciplinary
  Complexity in the Deregulated Power Industry," in
  Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Power Systems
  Conference and Exposition, (PSCE 2004), New York,
  NY, October 10-13, 2004.
•          Reddy, R., Selliah, S., Bharadwaj, V.,
  Yu, J., Reddy, S. and Kankanahalli, "Eksarva An
  Intelligent Collaboration Framework", in
  Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference
  Intelligent Systems, Varna, Bulgaria, June
  22-24, 2004.
•         

66
SIPLab Publications

• 2004 ( continued)
• Yu, J., Reddy, Y.V.R., Selliah, S.,
  Kankanahalli, S., Reddy, S., and Bharadwaj, V.,
  "TRINETR An Intrusion Detection Alert Management
  System", in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE
  International Workshops on Enabling Technologies
  Infrastructures for Collaborative Enterprises
  (WETICE-2004) Enterprise Security Workshop,
  Modena, Italy, June 14-16, 2004.
•          Selliah, S., Reddy, R., Yu, J.,
  Bharadwaj, V. and Reddy, S., "Eksarva A
  Framework for Enabling Agent-Based
  Collaboration", in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE
  International Workshops on Enabling Technologies
  Infrastructures for Collaborative Enterprises
  (WETICE-2004) Agent-based Computing for
  Enterprise Collaboration (ACEC) Workshop, Modena,
  Italy, June14-16, 2004.
•  
•       Bharadwaj, V., Reddy, Y.V.R.,
  Kankanahalli, S., Reddy, S., Selliah, S. and Yu,
  J., "Evaluating Adaptability in Frameworks that
  Support Morphing Collaboration Patterns", in
  Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International
  Workshops on Enabling Technologies
  Infrastructures for Collaborative Enterprises
  (WETICE-2004) Evaluation of Collaborative
  Information Systems and Support for Virtual
  Enterprises (ECE) Workshop, Modena, Italy, June
  14-16, 2004.        
•  
•      Bharadwaj, V., and Chandramouli, A., "A
  Layered-Approach to Modeling the
  Interdisciplinary Complexity of Power Markets,"
  accepted in the 2004 Power Engineering Society
  General Meeting (PESGM 2004) Student Poster
  Contest, Denver, Colorado, June 6-10, 2004.

67
SIPLab Publications

• 2004 (continued)
• Yu, J., Reddy, R., Selliah, S.,
  Kankanahalli, S., Reddy, S., and Bharadwaj, V.,
  "A Collaborative Architecture for Intrusion
  Detection Systems with Intelligent Agents and
  Knowledge-Based Alert Evaluation", in Proceedings
  of the Eighth International Conference on CSCW in
  Design (CSCWD 2004), Xiamen Province, Peoples
  Republic of China, May 26-28, 2004.
• Reddy, R., Selliah, S., Bharadwaj, V., Yu,
  J., Reddy, S. and Kankanahalli, S., "An
  Epistemological View of Collaboration, Keynote
  Address, in Proceedings of the Eighth
  International Conference on CSCW in Design (CSCWD
  2004), Xiamen Province, Peoples Republic of
  China, May 26-28, 2004.
• 2003
• Yu, J., Reddy, R., Kankanahalli, S., Reddy, S.,
  and Selliah, S. Intrusion Alert Aggregation,
  Knowledge-based Alert Evaluation and Alert
  Correlation accepted for publication in the
  Annual Review of Communications, Intl. Engg.
  Consortium (Pub.), 2003.
•    

68
Questions Discussion
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_at_mail.wvu.edu vijay_at_csee.wvu.edu SIPLab Smart
Internet Programming Laboratory http//siplab.csee
.wvu.edu CERC Concurrent Engineering Research
Center http//www.cerc.wvu.edu LDCSEE Lane Dept.
of Computer Science Electrical Engg. at West
Virginia University, USA http//www.csee.wvu.edu